Category: Courses After 12th

B Pharma or B Pharmacy (Bachelor of Pharmacy) is an undergraduate degree course for 4 years of duration. This course is to opt by the students who aspire to become a licensed pharmacist in India.

The students of B pharma learn about the preparation and usage of drugs and medicines. Along with medicine, it also covers health care topics.

The scope of this course is very vast. As it is well known that pharmacist is required in every corner of the country, so there is a successful career in the pharmaceutical industry.

Pharmacy Courses and Duration

There is a lot of opportunities in the pharmacy field. One can choose the course as per his/her interest. The course could be a diploma, degree or postgraduate course. The below mentioned are the pharmacy courses:

Diploma in Pharmacy (D Pharma)

This 3-year duration diploma course covers the most basic information about the pharmacy field. It is the base course for pharmacy.

Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharma)

This 4-year undergraduate degree course is the minimum requirement to practice as a pharmacist in India.

Master of Pharmacy (M. Pharma)

This is the next step to B pharma. It is a master’s degree or postgraduate course, after which a student can get very good opportunities in the reputed pharmaceutical company.The duration for this postgraduate degree is 2 years.

Doctorate in Pharmacy (Pharm D)

It is a 6-year long course dealing with deep knowledge in pharmaceuticals and can be employed in govt. or private hospitals with very high salary package.

B Pharma Eligibility

For a student who wants to opt B Pharma should have:

• Passed 12^th with PCM/PCB (Physics, Chemistry, Maths/Biology)
• Aggregate 50% marks in science subjects

Also, those who have a 3-year diploma (D Pharma) can also apply for B Pharma.

B pharmacy Admission Process

There are some universities offering direct admission based on 12^th marks.

Some universities conduct entrance exams such as BVP CET, IPU CET, MHT CET etc.

Also, there is a national level entrance exam conducted for admission to B pharmacy GPAT (Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test). Other state level entrance test such as TS EAMCET, AP EAMCET, BCECE, WBJEE etc. are also conducted for admission purpose.

B Pharmacy Syllabus and Subjects

The syllabus for 4-year B. Pharma course is given below year wise:

First Year

• Pharmaceutical Analysis 1
• Pharmaceutical Chemistry
• Advanced Mathematics
• Computer Applications
• Biology
• Anatomy & Physiology
• Organic Chemistry
• Pharmacognosy 1
• Basic Electronics

Second Year

• Pharmacognosy 2
• Pharmaceutical Chemistry 2
• Pharmaceutics
• Pharmaceutical Analysis 2
• AP HE-1
• Organic Chemistry 2
• Pharmacognosy 3
• AP HE- 2
• Dispensing & Community Pharmacy

Third Year

• Biochemistry
• Pharmacology 2
• Medicinal Chemistry 1
• Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence Ethics
• Chemistry of Natural Products
• Medicinal Chemistry 2
• Pharmacology 1
• Hospital Pharmacy
• Biopharmaceutics

Fourth Year

• Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
• Pharmaceutics
• Medicinal Chemistry 3
• Electives
• Clinical Pharmacy
• Chemistry of Natural Products
• Projected Related to Elective
• Pharmacognosy
• Drug Interactions

B Pharmacy Fees and Examination Type

The figures for fees range between INR 11,000 to INR 2,00,000 per annum depending upon colleges. The figures provided are estimated information.

The examination for B pharma would be conducted as per semester system.

B Pharmacy Colleges

There are many colleges offering B pharmacy. Some of the top universities and colleges along with cities are given below:

• University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Chandigarh
• Institute of Chemical Technology – Mumbai
• Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Manipal
• JSS College of Pharmacy, The Nilgiris – Tamil Nadu
• Goa College of Pharmacy – Panji
• Poona College of Pharmacy – Pune
• KLE College of Pharmacy – Hubli
• Bombay College of Pharmacy – Mumbai
• Amrita School of Pharmacy – Kochi
• Government College of Pharmacy – Bangalore
• Amity University – Noida

B Pharmacy Jobs

The Pharmacy sector gives a lot of employment opportunities to the students. Apart from a practicing pharmacist, one can also get employed in government and private hospitals.

Pharmaceutical management is one of the fields in which a student can make his career.

Some of the other roles or job profiles are as below:

• Chemical/Drug Technician
• Bio-Technology Industries
• Drug Therapist
• Drug Inspector
• Hospital Drug Coordinator
• Health Inspector
• Pharmacist
• Pathological Lab
• Research & Development
• Making Prescription to Patients
• Scientist
• Research Officer
• Teacher

Some of the top recruiting areas are as below:

• Hospitals and Clinics (Government and Private)
• State wise Drugs and Pharmaceutical Boards
• Medical Shop chains (the likes of Apollo Pharmacy)
• Chemist Shops
• Cipla
• Abbott India
• Research bodies and labs
• Sun Pharmaceuticals
• Biocon
• Glaxo Smith Kline India
• Ranbaxy
• Zydus
• Glenmark

B Pharmacy Salary

Being the very vast sector, there is a lot of employment in this sector along with handsome and big figured salary packages. The estimated starting salary for a fresher could be INR 10,000 to INR 18,000 per month in India. However, there would be variation in the salary figures depending upon the job roles.

After achieving the professional target or experience in the respected field, one can apply for good packages in big companies. The estimated salary for the experienced candidate could range from INR 9 lakh to INR 12 lakh per annum.

Talking about opportunities in abroad, the estimated starting salary could range from $15000 to $25000 per annum.

D Pharma stands for the diploma in pharmacy. Pharmacy is the field of medicine dealing with the proper use of medicines along with preparation and dispensing of medicines.

What is D Pharmacy

D Pharmacy or D pharma is an undergraduate diploma course dealing with the pharmacy field. This is a full-time 2-year course. This 2-year diploma course is further divided into 4 semesters.

In some of the institutes, the course is also offered as D Pharm. Although, name varies it is the same course. The course is designed for candidates to get familiarized with basic concepts of the Pharmaceutical industry.

There is another postgraduate course Pharma D, which is only offered by the institutes approved by PCI (Pharmacy Council of India), the regulatory body of pharmacy education in India. This is a completely different course from D pharma.

Admission to D Pharmacy

One can seek admission to D pharma by getting appeared in the state level diploma entrance tests conducted by universities. Although, there are some institutes which offer direct admission to the course without conducting an entrance exam.

The candidate seeking admission to D pharma should have passed the 10+2 with science (Physics, Chemistry, and Biology).

Top Entrance Tests

• GPAT
• UPSEE
• JEE Pharmacy
• AU AIMEE
• CPMT
• PMET

D Pharma/ D Pharmacy Course Fees

The course fees vary from college to college. The figures for the fees may range from INR 9,000 to INR 2,00,000. It is up to the candidate to select the particular institute and get fees details accordingly.

D Pharmacy Course Details

The 2- year course spread over a period of 180 working days each academic year along with 500 hours of practical training spread over a period of 3 months. The subject details for Diploma in pharmacy part 1 and part 2 is given below:

Subjects for Part 1

1. Pharmaceutics I
2. Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
3. Pharmacognosy
4. Biochemistry & Clinical Pathology
5. Human Anatomy & Physiology
6. Health education and community pharmacy

Subject for Part 2

1. Pharmaceutics II
2. Pharmaceutical Chemistry II
3. Pharmacology & Toxicology
4. Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence
5. Drug Store & Business Management
6. Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy

D Pharmacy Syllabus

Syllabus for Part 1

1. Pharmaceutics I

• Introduction to different dosage forms
• Metrology
• Packaging of pharmaceuticals
• Size separation by sifting
• Clarification and Filtration

1. Pharmaceutical Chemistry I

• Acids, Bases, and Buffers
• Antioxidants
• Gastrointestinal agents
• Topical Agents
• Dental Products

1. Pharmacognosy

• Definition, history, and scope of Pharmacognosy
• Pharmaceutical aids
• Various systems of classification of drugs and natural origin
• Adulteration and drug evaluation

1. Biochemistry & Clinical Pathology

• Introduction to Biochemistry
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Vitamins
• Enzymes
• Therapeutics

1. Human Anatomy & Physiology

• The scope of Anatomy and Physiology
• Elementary Tissues
• Skeletal Systems
• Cardiovascular Systems
• Respiratory Systems
• Muscular Systems

1. Health education and community pharmacy

• Concept of Health
• Nutrition and Health
• First aid
• Environment and Health
• Fundamental Principles of Microbiology
• Communicable Diseases

Syllabus for Part 2

1. Pharmaceutics II

• Reading and understanding prescriptions
• Study of various types of incompatibilities
• Posology
• Dispensed Medications
• Types of Powders
• Lipids and Dosage forms

1. Pharmaceutical Chemistry II

• Introduction of nomenclature of organic chemical systems
• Antiseptics and disinfectants
• Antileprotic Drugs
• Antibiotics
• Hypnotics

1. Pharmacology & Toxicology

• Introduction to pharmacology
• Scope of pharmacology
• Drugs: their advantages and disadvantages
• The general mechanism of drug action
• Drugs acting on the central nervous system

1. Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence

• Origin and nature of pharmaceutical legislation in India
• Principles and significance of professional ethics
• Pharmacy Act, 1948
• The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940
• The Drugs and Magic Remedies Act, 1954

1. Drug Store & Business Management

• Introduction
• Drug house management
• Sales
• Recruitment, Training
• Banking and Finance
• Introduction to accounting

1. Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy

• Definition, function, and classification of Hospitals
• Hospital pharmacy
• The drug distribution system in the hospital
• Manufacturing
• Drug Information Service
• Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy
• Modern dispensing aspects

D Pharmacy Eligibility

For seeking admission in any of the course or degree, a candidate must know the eligibility conditions so that he/she could choose the course as per his/her eligibility.

The eligibility conditions for D pharmacy is as given below:

• The minimum qualification required 10+2 level of education in PCB (Physics, Chemistry, and Biology) from a recognized educational Board.
• The minimum marks required is 50% for general and 45% for SC/ ST/ OBC candidates at 10+2 level.

D Pharmacy Distance Education

D pharma course is not valid if not done from PCI approved institutes. PCI (Pharmacy Council of India) is the regulatory body of pharmacy education in India.

Distance education is the type of education wherein the candidate does not attend regular classes.

As per course structure, theoretical along with practical classes is necessary. Hence D pharma could only be counted as valid if done with regular classes.

D Pharmacy College

Below are details of D pharma top colleges:

• Wisdom School of Management – Ahmedabad
• Dev Bhoomi Institute of Pharmacy and Research – Dehradun
• Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmacy – Pune
• Sandip University – Nasik
• NIMS Institute of Pharmacy – Jaipur
• Academy for Clinical Excellence – Mumbai
• Lovely Professional University – Jalandhar
• K.R. Mangalam University – Gurgaon
• SGT University – Gurgaon
• Integral University – Lucknow
• Government College of Pharmacy – Bangalore
• DIT University – Dehradun
• Centurion University of Technology and Management – Bhubaneswar
• Sri Sai Group of Institutes – Pathankot
• MET Institute of Pharmacy – Mumbai

D Pharmacy Salary

There are many good opportunities available along with handsome salary after completing D pharma.

Below are some professions along with a little description and estimate salary:

Pharmacist

• Preparation of medicines be reviewing physician orders.
• Distribute medicine to the pharmaceuticals
• Estimated Average annual salary – INR 1,99,000

Scientific Officer

• Oversee scientific functions and development of new processes, products or technologies
• Estimated Average annual salary – INR 6,47,000

Production Executive

• Set budget goals, determine supplies and assign job duties
• Estimated Average annual salary – INR 3,42,000

Medical Transcriptionist

• Act as transcribers
• use transcribing machines with headsets and listen to recordings to transcribe the medical reports, imaging studies, and operations.
• Estimated average annual salary – INR 2,42,000

Education is the key to success. It is one of the most important aspects of building a good career apart from hard work.

For a successful career, the students roam here and there, especially after 12^th with a number of suggestions, which makes them puzzled. So, proper counseling is very necessary in order to opt for the best option.

Although all the subjects are equally valuable, there is one subject which has endless options for students. Science offers endless career choices with the advantage of switching over to humanities and commerce options as well.

Science stream is generally categorized with PCM (with mathematics) and PCB (with biology). The below mentioned are the courses available for biology group after 12th.

List of Courses After 12^th Science Biology

Small detailed information could help the student to understand the type and nature of the course and choose accordingly.

MBBS – Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery

The basic course or qualification required to become doctor and duration for this course is 5½ years with the academic session of 4½ and one year for an internship.

BDS – Bachelor of Dental Surgery

To be a dentist, this 5-year long course including one year for an internship must be completed.

B.Sc Nursing – Bachelor of Science Nursing

This course is for the person interested in the nursing field. The duration is 3-4 year consisting of theoretical classes and practical training.

B. Pharma – Bachelor of Pharmacy

To be a licensed chemist in India, one must have this degree of 4 years completed.

Pharma D – Doctor of Pharmacy

An advanced course than B. Pharma, this course is of 6 years.

BAMS – Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery

This 5½ years long course, earns the person the title of doctor (Ayurveda) dealing with the concept of Ayurveda and Ayurvedic medicine.

BHMS – Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery

This 5½ years long course makes the person Doctor dealing with homeopathic medicines and practices.

BUMS – Bachelor of Unani medicine and surgery

The 5½ years long course dealing with treatment using Unani system of healing.

BPT (Physiotherapy) – Bachelor of Physiotherapy

Deals with massages and treatment of patients suffering injuries from accidents. This is a 4½ year duration course.

B. V. SC & A. H. – Bachelor of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry

Doctors for animals. This is 5 years long course.

BOT – Bachelor of occupational therapy

This 4½ year course deals with treating patients suffering from physical, mental, emotional and neurological issues.

BASLP – Bachelor of Audiology Speech-Language Pathology

This 5-year long program deals with the treatment of hearing issues and speech therapy.

Courses Available with NEET

NEET is the entrance exam conducted for PCB students for entrance to the following exams: MBBS, BDS, BUMS, BHMS, and BAMS.

B. Sc Courses After 12^th science Biology

Talking about B. Sc. Courses apart from nursing, there are other courses available, as mentioned below:

• B. Sc. Biochemistry
• B. Sc. Biology
• B. Sc. Physics
• B. Sc. Chemistry
• B. Sc. Environmental Science
• B. Sc. Biotechnology
• B. Sc. Occupational Therapy
• B. Sc. Physiotherapy
• B. Sc. Radiology
• B. Sc. Bioinformatics
• B. Sc. Anthropology
• B. Sc. Microbiology
• B. Sc. Zoology
• B. Sc. Forensic Science
• B. Sc. Agriculture
• B. Sc. Pathology
• B. Sc. Speech Therapy
• B. F. Sc. Fisheries and Science
• B. Sc. Horticulture
• B. Sc. Genetics
• B. Sc. Health Science and Nutrition
• B. Sc. Sports Science
• B. Sc. Audiology
• B. Sc. Botany

Other Courses – Paramedical and Diploma

There are some courses dealing with diagnosis technology, medical lab technology, and radiology. Such courses are known as paramedical courses. The below are some of the career options available after 12^th science biology:

• B.Sc. in Operation Theatre Technology
• B.Sc. in X-Ray Technology
• B.Sc. in Radiography and Medical Imaging
• B.Sc. in Dialysis Technology
• B.Sc. in Medical Record Technology
• B.Sc. in Medical Laboratory Technology
• B.Sc. in Ophthalmic Technology
• Bachelor of Occupational Therapy
• Bachelor of Physiotherapy
• B.Sc. in Speech Therapy
• BASLP Course
• B.Sc. in Audiology
• B.Sc. in Anaesthesia Technology
• B.Sc. in Audiology and Speech Therapy
• B.Sc. in Optometry
• Diploma in Operation Theatre Technology (DOTT)
• Diploma in X-Ray Technology
• Diploma in Radiography and Medical Imaging
• Diploma in ECG Technology
• Diploma in Dialysis Technology
• Diploma in Medical Record Technology
• Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology (DMLT)
• Diploma in Ophthalmic Technology
• Diploma in Physiotherapy
• Diploma in Anaesthesia Technology
• Diploma in Nursing Care Assistant
• Diploma in Sanitary Inspector
• Diploma in Hearing Language and Speech (DHLS)
• Diploma in Dental Hygienist
• Diploma in Audiometry Technician
• Diploma in Audiology and Speech Therapy
• X-Ray/Radiology Assistant (or Technician)
• Medical Laboratory Assistant
• Operation Theatre Assistant
• Nursing Care Assistant (Certificate)
• ECG Assistant
• Dental Assistant
• Ophthalmic Assistant
• CT Scan Technician
• Dialysis Technician
• MRI Technician

Some of the diploma courses for PCB students are as below:

• GNM (General Nursing and Midwifery)
• ANM (Auxiliary Nursing and Midwifery)
• Diploma in Pharmacy
• Diploma in Dairy Technology
• Diploma in Yoga Education

Career Choices – Research Areas

Well, there is no limitation on the research areas in medical line. If the research area is being opted for the career, then one topic must be selected as per one’s interest. It could also be considered as one of the best options for higher studies. Although, biology is a very vast subject, below are some of the topics advised:

• Behavior
• Biochemistry
• Biophysics
• Cell Biology
• Computational Biology
• Conservation Biology
• Developmental Biology
• Ecology
• Evolution
• Genetics
• Marine Biology
• Microbiology
• Molecular Biology
• Neurobiology
• Physiology
• Plant Biology
• Population Biology

Job Opportunities

The successful career makes sense if we have a good job with handsome earning. The job sector is categorized into government and private jobs.

Government Job Options

• Civil services
• Armed forces
• Teaching
• Government hospitals
• Police
• Railway
• SSC exam
• Banking sector

Private Job Options

• Private Hospitals
• Lab technician
• CSL Limited
• Private Bank and Insurance companies
• Teaching
• Independent researcher

Scope of Biology

Biology is the subject with no limitations. Hence it has very vast opportunities as mentioned. So, one should not consider medical field associating to doctor or nurse only.

Choose wisely, live well.

Plan today and live tomorrow.

Have you ever thought of taking up other courses, apart from the regular Graduation? If you are looking for an added advantage to your career, Diploma course is the best choice. It adds additional skills to your regular qualification- Bachelor’s degree.

In this session, we will discuss different Diploma courses you could take after 12th.

You could take a Diploma course, irrespective of the subject taken in 12th. However, it is very important that you choose the right subject to make a brighter career and help you find the desired job.

Diploma courses After 12th- General

The duration of these courses could be of 1-2 years, as per the rules set by the institute.

Here are the top Diploma courses which would give a stronger foundation in your career:

Hotel Management

This is a 1-year course which you can take up after 12th. You gain the required skills to enhance the technical and management abilities, hence building a deeper knowledge of the subject. The course comprises 4 sections, to specialize you in aspects such as Food Production, Accommodation Operations, Front Office and Food & Beverage services. Hotel Management is a booming fieldfor those willing to have a career and pursue higher studies in Food Production and maintenance.

Career Prospects

With a certification in Hotel Management, you could get a job as a Catering Officer, Catering Supervisor & Assistant, Field Supervisor, Marketing Manager

Hospitality Management

This course lasts up to 1 year, providing an integral view of the essential concepts in the Tourism and Hospitality industry. You will have a deep knowledge about how to work in the industry. Hospitality Management is another booming and highly demanded industry by the young students who dream of a strong career in Tourism and Travel management.

Career prospects

You could find a job as Administrative Assistant, Conference & Events Executive, Office Management Co-ordinator, Store Manager etc

Diploma in Management

This is diploma program in Management. Here, you learn the rules of planning, staffing, organizing, directing and controlling the procedures in the industry. This course enables you to understand the fundamentals of the management of resources that are efficiently and effectively available. Moreover, if you have those people skills, thinking strategically and quickly adapt to changes, along with helping people to take important decisions effective to the organization, this course is just perfect for you!

Eligibility

You should have completed 12th in any stream. Or you could have a Bachelor’s degree with relevant experience

Career Prospects

Make a career in management by working as Management Trainee, Program Management Specialist, Management Consultant, Program Management Officer

Banking & Finance

This is a diploma program in Banking and Finance, which can be completed in 1 year. In this course, you get a deep understanding of the dynamically changing financial markets, and having a vision about the financial crisis and a logic for saving the organization from the crisis. Through this course you learn to utilise certain quantitative methods to practice Banking and Finance. This course also helps the students to enhance your econometric methods and interpersonal skills.

• Certain universities ask you to pass an entrance exam
• Career Prospects: With the certification in Banking & Finance, you can work as Asset Manager, Credit & Risk Manager, Corporate Analyst, Loss Control Specialist etc

Diploma Courses For Arts

Diploma in Travel & Tourism

Being certified in Travel & Tourism, you can work with the government tour operators, department of tourism, Rail services, hotels, airlines, travel agencies, cruise companies etc. Having proficiency in different languages could help you travel different states or even countries, hence helping you grow in your career.

• Topics:
  • Tourism geography
  • Tourism fundamentals
  • Tourism planning, execution and marketing
  • Customer Relationship Management

Diploma in Advertising & Marketing

On completion of this diploma course, you can take a leap into Digital Marketing, Advertising & Communication, Media houses or public as well as private companies, film production, advertising & publication agencies etc. You could also choose Self employment or Freelancing.

• Topics:
  • Media Planning
  • Market Research
  • Public Relations
  • Corporate Communication
  • Fundamentals of Advertising & Marketing

Diploma in Event Management

This course helps you work at musical concerts, fashion shows, seminars or exhibitions etc. An event could be a celebration, an occasion or a concert where a crowd is developed. Management refers to the properly utilising the resources the right way.

On completion of this course, you could find a job as Business Development Executive, Accounts Executive/ Accountant, Management Trainee, Coordinator etc. in domains such as Academic & Sports Meets, Corporate events, Fashion & Cultural Shows, Colleges & Universities, Reality shows etc.

• Topics:
  • Event Management fundamentals
  • Event & Budget Planning
  • Finance Management
  • Public Relations
  • Logistics
  • Legal aspects

Diploma courses for Commerce

Financial Accounting

Being certified in Financial Accounting, you will be handling the financial records and tax reports. The reports help you in understanding the economic performance. Through these reports, a business owner assesses the company’s overall performance based on the goals, and takes necessary steps to improve the

performance.

• Eligibility: Should have completed 12th in Commerce
• Topics in Financial Accounting:
  • Accounting
  • Business Law
  • Management
  • Auditing & Taxation

Industrial Safety

After the completion of this course, You could get a job in private and consulting companies, government and private organizations. At work, you would be responsible in making sure that the workplaces are suitable for the employees as per the government rules-

• Check the facilities for biological, chemical and physical threats
• Take a study on the accidents and report the health and safety massacres
• Topics:
  • Basics of Industrial Safety
  • Industrial Threats
  • Fire Engineering
  • Occupational Health and Environment
  • Safety during constructional activities

Retail Management

On the completion of the course, you could join a company as a trainee. During the training, you learn to manage the store. The knowledge and experience acquired will help you understand how the retail industry works, thus giving you the managerial capacity. With adequate experience, you can enhance your career with jobs as Retail Manager, Sales Manager etc.

• Space Management
• Sourcing
• Store design, Layout & Management
• Merchandising overview

Computer Application

This is one of the helpful certifications as the duration of the course would be about 6 months to 1 year. On the completion of this course, you can work as Lead Consultant, Application Developer, Systems Analyst, Office Assistant, Teacher, Assistant Professor, Senior Programmer Analyst, Computer Operator etc.

• Internet
• HTML
• Computer and Operating System fundamentals
• MS Office
• Information Technology
• Programming languages such as C, C++

Diploma in Science

Mechanical Engineering

This course helps in designing and building complex machinery. You will be trained to get skills in domains, computer applications, structures etc. You could find jobs in Public or Private sector. The course duration is 3 years after 12th in Science stream.

• Eligibility: Should have completed 12th in Science stream
• Topics:
  • Mathematics
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Fundamentals of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
  • Graphics concerning Engineering
  • Engineering Metallurgy
  • Procedures in Manufacturing

Chemical Engineering

The course duration is 3 years. On completion, you work with the designing, Research and production. In designing, there are a lot of opportunities in private companies and government organizations. Researchers will have knowledge about the design to enhance the processes and the machinery. Jobs in production can be seen in industries of chemical processes, oil refineries etc.

• Topics:
  • Thermodynamics
  • Applied Chemistry
  • Chemical Technology
  • Chemical Engineering basics
  • Engineering material
  • Mechanical operations

Civil Engineering

The duration of this course is 3 years. As a Civil Engineer, your job is to design, develop, build, test and maintain the infrastructures. Your job also comprises designing building structures. On the completion of this course, there will be job opportunities in private and consulting companies, and government organizations.

• Topics:
  • Physics
  • Mathematics
  • Graphics in Engineering
  • Communication skills
  • Construction materials
  • Engineering of Road & bridge
  • Mechanism of structures

Biotechnology

This diploma certification is a stepping stone to getting a job in laboratories, taking 2-3 years to complete. On completion of the course, there are opportunities wide open for you in public & private sectors. You can work for bio-pharmaceutical companies, research institutes and food supply companies. Despite having strong theoretical knowledge in concepts if you are not keen working in labs, you could work as Product Specialist, in companies dealing with equipments and supplies for the labs.

• Topics:
  • Biology of cells
  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular biology
  • Microbiology
  • Environmental biotechnology

Nutrition & Dietetics

This 2 year course helps you get a job in health and fitness centres, hospitals and weight-loss clinics. Through this course, you could help people plan and maintain their diet with some useful tips and advices. You can arrange programs or create health clubs in schools, colleges to conduct training on nutrition, food habits and diet. After the diploma certification, there is a high scope to work on research projects and top FMCG based companies.

• Topics:
  • Chemistry
  • Biotechnology
  • Nutrition basics
  • Psychology

Computer Engineering

This course can get you a job as Senior Technical Assistant, Member Technical Staff, Project Assistant, Assistant Manager, Associate Software Engineer etc. This is a 3-year course providing various career opportunities such as Software/Hardware Engineer, Application Developer, Project Engineer, Software Tester, Web Designer, Network Engineer etc.

• Topics:
  • Electrical & Electronics Engineering
  • Digital Electronics
  • Programming language such as C
  • PC Hardware & Networking
  • Software Engineering
  • Linux & DBMS
  • Web Programming
  • CASP

Information Technology

On the completion of this 1 year course, you could start a career working in companies such as Boeing, Airtel, BSNL, Qualcomm & Tata Elixir, Siemens, BEL, VSNL, Alcatel, ASUS & Cisco Systems to work as Training Coordinator, Information Systems Manager, Mainframe Developer, Senior Technical Consultant, Quality Inspector, Assistant Manager- IT etc.

• Topics:
  • Elements of Mechanical design
  • Professional communication
  • Computer Organization
  • Computer Networks
  • System Analysis & Design
  • Operating Systems
  • Multimedia Technology
  • Computer Architecture
  • Software Engineering
  • Internship & Training

Apart from these diploma courses for students from each stream, there are exclusive courses available at IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University).

Diploma Courses At IGNOU

IGNOU offers a unique set of diploma courses for aspirants looking for a different career yet has great scope for growth. Here is the list of courses:

• Aquaculture (for Science students Only)
• Panchayat level Administration & Development
• Dairy Technology
• Early Childhood care & education
• Women Empowerment and Development
• Creative Writing in English
• Fish Products Technology
• Nutrition & Health Education
• Value Added Products from fruits and vegetables
• VAP (Value Added Products) from Cereals, Pulses and Oilseeds
• HIV and Family education
• Meat Technology
• Paralegal Practice
• Elementary education
• Tourism
• Finance & Accounting in BPO domain
• Watershed Management

Conclusion

In this session, we discussed various Diploma courses after 12th in each Stream. We also covered some exclusive Diploma courses offered by IGNOU. Hope the session has been helpful in finding the right career.

Being a pilot would be a dream to many youngsters. To achieve this, you need to follow the necessary steps. In this session, we will discuss the important aspects associated with this career.

Let us begin with some of the top courses:

Pilot Courses in India

Professional Pilot Programme- India, Gondia

CAE Aviation Academy provides an exclusive programme of 19 months created to help you become a professional pilot. The concenrned course meets the syllabus standards of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). On completion of this course, you would have all the essential ratings to start with, comprising Commercial Pilot License (CPL) with Instrument Rating (IR) and Multi-Engine Rating (ME). The Training comprises the best practices developed from CAE’s vast experience in coaching the professional pilots throughout global training center network, wherein thousands of airline as well as business aviation undertake the training every year.

Private Pilot License

This is available at Avel Flight School, enabling you to be the Pilot In Command of the aircraft for a non-commercial purpose. This is the initial step towards obtaining a Commercial Pilot License, and moreover a job in airline industry or a company. Out of many benefits of the Private Pilot License, you can also run charity flights with some restrictions, also participate in other activities such as Angel Flight, Civil Air Patrol.

Commercial Pilot License

With this course, you can fly the aircraft for payment or hire. This is the minimum requirement to be employed as a pilot or a flight instructor. With this license, you can get paid for specific operations such as Banner Towing, Agricultural applications and photography.

Instrument Rating (IR) Aircraft

The Instrument Rating is necessary for flying by the Instrument Flight Rules (IFR). Under these rules, the pilot will not be allowed to use visual references from outside for navigation, hence flying individually as per the instruments in the cockpit. The rating is required to work as a professional pilot and is necessary to obtain the Airline Transport Pilot License (ATPL).

What is Commercial Pilot?

Commercial Pilot is a person certified with Commercial Pilot issued by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), obtained by completing all the required training.

14 CFR (Commercial Flight Rating) 61.133 portrays a Commercial Pilot by the respective privileges and limitations such as the following:

Privileges:

• Holds a certificate for commercial pilot, acting as pilot in command
• Carries people or property for payment or hire, on a condition that he or she is eligible and with the applicable parts of the chapter applying to the operation

This means that, by law, a Commercial pilot can earn money as a pilot. People have mistaken the term Commercial Pilot with Airline Transport Pilot (ATP). This is not true as a Commercial Pilot need not always earn by flying for an airline company. Besides, A pilot in an airline must be certified in Airline Transport along with certification in Commercial Pilot License, so he could get paid for flying the airlines.

Like most of the professional courses, to get an admission in pilot course, you need to pass an entrance examination.

Entrance Exam for Commercial Pilot

Aspirants seeking admission in pilot course need to take up an entrance exam. This exam is held by IGRUA or the Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Udan Akademi). IGRUA is a training institution for flying, wherein aspirants would be trained to become a commercial pilot. This institution sets an entrance exam every year to filter the most eligible aspirants for CPL course. The test is online based followed by an interview round and a Pilot Aptitude or a Psychometric test. To take this entrance test, you should be at least 17 years of age.

To become a Commercial Pilot, there are some terms to be fulfilled.

Qualifications to be a pilot

To be a Commercial pilot, it is not as easy as learning to drive a car. Being a pilot, thousands of lives would be your responsibility. Hence, you need to check everything a couple of times to fly an aircraft with passengers.

Eligibility

Following are the requirements to be a pilot:

• Aspirant should be at least 19 years of age and should NOT above 23 years.
• Should have completed 10+2 years in Science stream including Physics, Chemistry, Maths as major subjects
• Should have secured at least 50% marks as an average in 12th.

Besides these, make sure you are healthy. To qualify for the pilot course you must be physically fit. Take more care of your eyes as you will be flying the aircraft and sole responsibility is yours!

If you have just completed 10th but have the passion for this unique career, get ready to fly! You too can become a pilot. Let us look at the ways to take this ‘flying’ career at an early stage.

How to Become a Pilot After 10th

There are no shortcuts to success. You need to go through all the milestones and win across the hurdles. Once you complete 10th, complete 11th and 12th in Science stream, as the entrance exam syllabus covers Physics, Chemistry and Maths.

Once you complete 12th, get done with the medical class and then, apply for the best flying school.

There are about 6 exams that you need to clear, and about 210-220 hours of flying, which comprises Single engine with an instructor or trainer until the institute gets the confidence that you can fly well.

Hence, it is important to complete 12th to apply for a flying course. You cannot take up the flying course after 10th. Another reason for not being eligible after 10th is that the minimum age to apply for a flying course is 19 years.

How to Become a Pilot After 12th

To be eligible for a flying course, you need to take Science stream, comprising Physics, Chemistry and Maths.

Here are the steps to be followed to get into your dream career of flying:

1. Clear class 12 exam with Maths and Physics (if not you could take corresponding exams for the same)
2. Find institutions providing Ground training for DGCA exams related to CPL.
3. Work hard to clear the 6 exams to be eligible for the flying course and then search for the right institution where you could get trained well.
4. Complete the course with full dedication during the 4-6 months and get certified with CPL.

You could pursue the flying career even after graduation. Let us discuss how to take this career ahead.

How to Become a Pilot after Graduation

The only term you need to satisfy while applying for a flying course is that you should be a Science graduate with Physics and Maths as the subjects. However, you should not be over 23 years of age.

If you did not have Physics and Maths, then you need to clear 2 exams in Maths & Physics, set by the National Institute of Open University School (NIOUS). On clearing these exams, you would be eligible for the flying course.

We have seen the ways become a pilot. Now, let us discuss the fees for the flying course.

Fees for the Flying course

To be a pilot would cost a fortune. However, if you are passionate about this wonderful career, it may not sound too expensive as you would work really hard to make it worth paying for!

• Ground classes: 1.5 lakhs
• 220 hours of flying classes, which include Multi Engine, Solo, Night Rating, Instrument Rating: 27-28 lakhs (Food & Accommodation included)
• Type rating: 15 lakhs

Which totals up to 45 lakhs (approx.)

It is quite essential to consider the flying institute that you choose as time and money are equally important. Spending such a high fees but not worth would make your career worthless.

Getting the course done from the best institute could help you get a job in top airline companies.

Conclusion

In this session, we discussed the pilot courses in India. We also discussed the fees incurred to complete the course. Hope you find the right flying institute and get trained well.

HAVE A COLORFUL FLYING CAREER!

Are you a student of class 12?

Preparing for entrance exams after 12th?

Have you planned your career?

Have you chosen a suitable subject?

Don’t panic. In this article, we will discuss various entrance exams for each stream. It is a myth that there are entrance exams only for Medical and Engineering. We will have a detailed study of different entrance exams. If you are looking for a strong career, get ready for some tests!

Entrance Exams After 12th

There are entrance exams for professional courses. Here is a list of entrance exams:

Common Entrance Exam (CAT)

This is a national level test set by the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) to select the most eligible managerial aspirants for the top business schools. However, other colleges also give high importance to the score obtained in this test.

IIT-JEE

The IIT (Indian Institute of Technology is one of the most reputed institutions providing world-class education through courses such as the Bachelor’s degree in Engineering (all specializations), technological and scientific disciplines. Besides, some IITs provide Dual-degree M.Tech programmes, which comprises both B.Tech and M.Tech degrees.

All India Engineering Entrance Examination(AIEEE)

Every year during the months of April & May, this exam would be held to select the best aspirants for courses such as B.Tech and B.Arch in various colleges or institutions such as NIT (National Institute of Technology), the IIITs, Technical institutions, and other government-aided institutions.

AIIMS (All India Institute of Medical Sciences)

This exam is conducted exclusively for aspirants seeking admission in MBBS. Every year, over 80000 students write this exam to seek admission for MBBS, in AIIMS, for just 70 seats, hence becoming one of the difficult entrance examinations.

CLAT (Common Law Admission Test)

This exam is set by 11 National Law Universities to provide admissions in both under-graduates and post-graduate programmes- L.L.B & L.L.M.

Entrance Exams after 12th in Biology

There are many professional courses for students who had Biology as one of the subjects in 12th. However, they need to go through an entrance exam to check the proficiency in the subject. Here is the list of entrance exams for Biology aspirants:

• BINC (Bio-Informatic National Certification) – Biology Entrance exam
• Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology Entrance exam
• All India Medical Entrance exam by Annamalai University
• GGS Indraprastha University Entrance exam
• IIT- a joint Entrance exam
• Osmania University entrance exam
• University of Rajasthan Entrance Exam
• Visverswaraiah Technological University Entrance Exam
• Kerala University Entrance exam
• Vellore Institute of Technology entrance exam
• All India Pre-Medical/Pre-Dental Entrance exam

Entrance Exam for Engineering

Writing entrance exams to seek admission in desired branches of Engineering is quite common in the country. There are numerous Institutions and engineering colleges where aspirants dream to join for a better career.

• Joint Entrance Examination (JEE)- Main
• Joint Entrance Exam Advanced (JEE Advanced)
• Admission Test by Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITSAT)
• VIT Engineering Entrance Exam (VITEEE)
• SRM Joint Engineering Entrance Exam (SRMJEEE)
• Maharashtra Common Entrance Test (MAHA CET)
• Amrita Entrance Examination- Engineering (AEEE)
• National Aptitude Test in Architecture (NATA)
• Aptitude test conducted by Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Aptitude Test)
• Karnataka Common Entrance Test (KCET)
• Consortium of Medical, Engineering and Dental Colleges of Karnataka UnderGraduate Entrance Test (COMED-K UGET)
• IcfaiTech Admission Test (ATIT)
• Amity Joint Entrance Exam (Amity JEE)
• Undergraduate Engineering Entrance Exam by VelTech (VTUEEE)
• Common Admission Test by Cochin University of Science And Technology (CUSAT CAT)

Entrance Exam- Medical

Every year thousands of students apply for MBBS admission in top Medical colleges in the country. Let us look at some of the entrance exams conducted by various universities.

• NEET (UG): It is a national level medical entrance exam conducted by CBSE for MBBS/BDS admissions in government as well as private colleges in the country. Since 2016, this exam has taken over the AIPMT exam. The questions cover the syllabus of class 11 & 12 from subjects such as Physics, Chemistry, Zoology& Botany. The syllabus is set by reviewing state syllabi along with the ones from Council Board of School Education (COBSE), Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and National Council of Education Research and Training (NCERT).
• AIIMS (UG): The All India Institutes of Medical Sciences or the AIIMS are a group of autonomous public medical colleges for higher education. By attempting this test, you can get admission for MBBS or similar undergraduate medical courses.
• JIPMER (UG): The JIPMER or Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research is the unique and the oldest educational institution in India that provides education in European medicine.
• CMC (Christian Medical College), Vellore: The college was established in 1900, as a top private educational and research institute in the country and the most desired colleges for MBBS and BDS students.
• AFMC (Armed Forces Medical College), Pune: This is one of the topmost medical institutes in the country, entitled as the center of excellence in research and education. AFMC has 29 departments in total out of which the major ones are Microbiology, Anatomy, Biochemistry, Dental Surgery, General Surgery. Presently, there are about 89 training courses in AFMC.

Entrance Exam in Commerce

There are certain professional courses in Commerce for which you need to clear the Entrance exams. For example, if you aspire to be an Accountant, you need to take exams such as CA and equivalent. Let us look at some exams in Commerce:

• CS- ICSI Company Secretaries: This exam is to seek admission for Company Secretary course, fully known as Company Secretary: ICSI Company Secretary Entrance Exam.
• CA- ICAI Chartered Accountant: The exam for Chartered Accountant is conducted by Institute of Chartered Accountant. The exams are:
  • CPT (Common Proficiency Test)
  • Intermediate (Integrated professional competence) test
  • Finals

CPT is held twice a year- June and December, while the Intermediate and Final are held during May and November.

• ICMAI Cost Accountant: The exam is conducted by (Institute of Cost Accountants of India). This is one of the acclaimed entrance exams in Commerce stream. Aspirants looking for a career in this field must clear the exams conducted by ICMAI. Following are the qualifying exams are:
  • Foundation exam
  • Intermediate
  • Final exam
• DU DSE M.Com Entrance Test: This test is conducted by Delhi University to provide admissions in M.Com.
• Patna Women’s College- B.Com Entrance Exam

Conclusion

In this session, we discussed the various entrance exams- Engineering, Medical, and Commerce.

Choose the career and travel towards success.