DEFORESTATION – वनोन्मूलन

DEFORESTATION (वनोन्मूलन)

BY: GAZAL BHATNAGAR,VIDHYARTHI DARPAN

DEFINITION AND MEANING:

Deforestation means the process of cutting down and burning the trees in forest and woodland and converting the land to other use. In other words, it is the destruction of forest, removal of vegetation from an area and clearing of trees for various commercial purposes and for fulfilling the personal needs. Deforestation is the quick woodland devastation through the incessant cutting of plants without replanting.

 

CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION:

1. Globalization

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2. Urbanization

3. Over Population

4. Climate

5. Over Grazing

6. Shifting Cultivation

7. Fuel Wood

8. Forest Fires

9. Timber

10. Industry Establishment

11. Encroachment of Forest

12. Forest Diseases

13. Landslides

14. Ravine Formation

Globalization:

Due to Globalization many industries and factories are built which emit carbon di oxide that affects the trees and forests. India and China are the major countries where trees and forests are used to produce products and supplies in various parts of the world.

Urbanization:

As the world progresses, trees are cleared to oblige growing urban regions for the utilization of construction materials, furniture, paper products, material utilized for highways and streets and timberlands. They are cut down to create land for grazing cattle and for growing crops. Trees are also cut down in developing countries to be used as firewood or turned into charcoal, which are used for cooking and heating purposes.

Over Population:

An increase in population increases the products consumption for which the trees are being destroyed. The fundamental needs are asylum and food supplied with the aid of forests where an ideal measure of utilization and development is required.

Over population in countries like China and India are a result where deforestation rate is higher than comparative countries. The considerable demand for housing in the urban sector increases the demand for wood in the construction of the houses. With more demand, greater is the harm done to the forests. As the land area is limited, the only option for the real estate dealers is to buy the forest land for cheap, clear them and make housing sites for the population.

Climate:

Atmosphere influences people as well as trees, streets, and little plants. The major factor is “ACID RAIN”. Waxy outer coating that covers the leaves is weakened by acid rain.When this happens, it allows the acid to seep into the tree that protects the leaves. Instead of water that changes from a liquid to a gas inside the leaves, gas takes the place of the water. This stops the plant from absorbing carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, and the plant then dies.

Another factor of climate is global warming. As the temperature increases than the average temperature, it affects the growth of the plants and soil thus leading to deforestation.

Overgrazing:

Overgrazing not only destroys forests regenerated growth but also makes soil more compact and impervious. Soil becomes less fertile due to destruction of organic matter and the seeds of certain species do not germinate in excessively grazed soils which results in reduction of species. This leads to desertification. Overgrazing also accelerates the soil erosion which results in the removal of minerals and nutrients from the topsoil and adversely affects the soil structure that ultimately lowers the productivity. The uncontrolled and indiscriminate grazing in the forests leads to degradation of forest soil and affect natural regeneration of forests. Due to excess grazing of the cattle in the grazing lands, the topsoil is washed away which makes it useless for any purpose, including grazing. This prompts to clear the forest areas for growing fodder which led to deforestation.

Shifting Cultivation:

In North Eastern India, due to heavy water erosion shifting cultivation is locally called “JHUM”. Numerous ranchers slaughter the woods for farming and business purposes and another timberland territory is devastated when soil fertility is depleted because of continued cropping. This degrades about one million hectare land every year thus leading to deforestation.

Fuel Wood:

Maximum forest habitat destruction is performed for wood-fuel. In India alone, the annual demand for firewood was 235 million cubic meters (according to Forest survey of India, 1987) where 135 million tons of firewood was consumed in rural areas while 23 million tons was consumed in urban areas. 

So, fuel wood is a big deforestation cause.

Forest Fires:

Some fires are incidental while the majority of them are deliberate. According to Forest Survey of India (1996), 53.1% forest vegetation was affected by fire which destroyed about 0.5 million hectares of forests annually. Thus, frequent fires are the major cause of deforestation.

Timber:

According to Forest Survey of India 1987, the annual demand of timber was 12 million cubic meters. Thus, the increased demand for timber led to a rapid depletion of forest. Timber and plywood industries are mainly responsible for the destruction of forest trees and deforestation.

Industry Establishment:

For the establishment of factories and industries, precious plants, wild animals, and rare birds are destroyed, and the quality of environment is adversely affected. The forest-based industries such as Resin and Turpentine industry are responsible for the destruction of trees in the hills as raw materials are supplied to these industries thus causing deforestation.

Encroachment of Forest:

It means encroachment by tribal on forest land for agriculture and other purposes. According to Forest Survey of India, about 7 million hectares of forest land has been encroached for agriculture which produced environmental hazards and deforestation.

Forest Diseases:

Many diseases that are caused by parasitic fungi, rusts, viruses and nematodes causes’ death and decay of forest plants. Young seedlings are destroyed due to attack of nematodes. Many diseases such as heart rot, blister rust, oak will, phloem necrosis and Dutch elm disease, etc. damage the forest trees in large numbers.

Landslides:

The landslides occur mainly in the areas where developmental activities are in progress. The construction of roads and railways particularly in hilly terrains, setting up of big irrigation projects have caused enough destruction to forest and accelerated the natural process of denudation. Deforestation due to landslide in the hills is the major concern.

Ravines Formation:

The forested areas and farming grounds at the edges of large stream gorges (Yamuna and Chambal) face a severe soil disintegration risk. Once the ravines are formed, they continue to destroy the vegetational cover.

 

EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION:

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1.  Deforestation results in many effects like loss of animals home, death of animals, environmental changes, seasonal changes, increase in temperature, rise in environmental heat, global warming, increase in greenhouse gases, melting of ice caps and glaciers, increase in sea level, weakening of ozone layer, hole in the ozone layer, death of sea animals, increasing risks of natural disaster like Storms, cyclones, typhoons, floods, droughts and many other adverse shifts that are sufficient to last life on earth.

2. It is affecting the human lives to a great extent by forcing the negative changes to the environment and atmosphere.

3. Deforestation affects human wellbeing and the new ecosystem by means of atmosphere unevenness, rising an Earth-wide temperature boost, soil disintegration, floods, elimination of biodiversity, diminishing levels of fresh oxygen and rising carbon dioxide, expanding air contamination and expanding levels of toxic gases.

All the harmful impacts of deforestation are causing numerous medical issues, and above all else lung and respiratory issues.

4. Deforestation is not only disturbing the human lives by causing several imbalance ecologically and environmentally but also alarming continuously and indicating the need to stop cutting plants for the safety of human lives. A few people do deforestation to accomplish their insatiability of acquiring money from wood. People are cutting plants for their agricultural activities, logging (to make papers, match-sticks, furniture etc.), urbanization (road construction, housing etc.), desertification of land, mining (oil and coal mining), and fires (to get heat) etc.

5. It disrupts the carbon cycle. The forest trees take carbon dioxide as well as the atmosphere. It affects the human lives and causes an imbalance in ecology and environment. The human health is affected by the pollution which is occurred by deforestation. The land pollution, air pollution and global warming are the main reasons for the various effects on human, wildlife, and nature.

6. Population growth and agricultural development has put unprecedented pressure on India’s forests in the past half century. With the simultaneous rise in both the number of cattle and the amount of land under cultivation, livestock owners were forced to move to forest areas to graze their herd. As indicated by the State of the Forest Study 1995, 78 percent of all woods have undergone frequencies of deforestation and 74 percent of forests need recovery.

SOIL EROSION:

Prompt impacts of deforestation incorporate the washing ceaselessly of soil in the rainstorm season. This is because trees are no longer connecting and holding the soil and so mud slides are possible. The earth is leached of minerals by the large amounts of water. The absence of vegetation likewise implies not many creatures will be found in the field. Most of nutrients are stored in the vegetation and the trees, so if these factors receive bad cycle, our eco-system will be destroyed. Once the trees and plants are cut down, essential nutrients are separated easily and are washed out by rainfall. Thus, we would lose the nutrients for our body needs for daily life. In the event that the ground gets dries and splits under the sun’s warmth without the shelter of the trees, we cannot develop any plants in light of the fact that the soil components are lost. According to the statistics, nearly 80% of tropical forest soil is now infertile, and they will cause worse eco-system which will affect the animals who live there and their habitats. It may change their genetic as well.

SOCIAL EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION:

1. Deforestation has so many social effects on our society. Its impact not only affects humans but also plants, animals, and the surrounding environment. It causes and forces the surrounding to adapt in order to survive such difficult situations.

2. Indigenous people who consider the forests as their primary habitats are rendered homeless when forests are depleted. This can be seen in mostly undeveloped areas where many people use the forest as their primary habitat. The people living in these areas are forced to move while their surroundings are being altered. The cutting down of forest trees forces the people who live around such areas to move and seek shelter elsewhere.

3. People and animals who live in the rainforest areas depends on their natural environment. Individuals who live close to the timberland in these regions typically rely on their indigenous habitat for fundamental things like food, shelter, water and so forth. Cutting down the trees in those areas usually tend to affect all living things and surroundings that forces them to migrate and look for another conducive atmosphere.

4. Social conflicts and struggles over land and other resources results in the loss of lands and people who live there have to migrate to other places in search of land and resources.

FACTS RELATED TO DEFORESTATION IN INDIA: 

1. Deforestation could lead to changes in surface conditions, which would increase the intensity and decrease the duration of rainfall, thereby increasing run-off. This causes soil erosion which leads to the riverbeds being silted. This is how floods occur. 

2. India is losing 1.5 million hectares (mha) of forests per year, thereby bringing down the total forest area from 74 mha to 40 mha.

3. Deforestation causes loss of top soil to the tune of 12000 million tons.

4. Due to deforestation, India loses Rs 10,000 crores every year in the form of damage by floods.

 

ISSUES IN DEFORESTATION:

1. On the rural side, the issue is that the people are depended on the forests for wood fuel and that is why their needs are fulfilled as well as the forests are not depleted because of their actions.

2. On the urban side, we must remember that the trend of consumerism has found currency with the urbanites accompanied with total disregard for the environment. So, can the consumerist attitude and the conversationalist attitude co-exist?

3. Corporates are facing increasing pressure from various organizations to take care of the environment, yet there is no social concern or initiative coming from them directly. Can the government be unbiased in its actions?

4. Almost all the forests are owned by the government and it is their responsibility to see that the forests are safeguarded. But due to lack of political will and pressure from other sectors, the government is not able to decide and act on its own. Can the government be unbiased in its actions?

5. The standard of fixing (33% compulsory forest cover) for all the states of the nation is not a viable, as there are various differences among the states, and many of them are solely dependent on the forest resources for their revenue. Can a region-specific target be drawn up, so that the overall forest cover concedes to the total target of 33%?

6. It is noteworthy to mention that the rate of deforestation exceeds the rate of afforestation. As the land area is fixed, and the cleared forests are used for other purposes, can the scheme of afforestation be successful in the near future?

7. There is a close link between agriculture and forestry. With improvements in the agriculture sector, and with the increase in population, there is a continuous need for upgrading the resources. Can the forest resources be experimented with the modern technologies?

OVERVIEW OF WORLDWIDE DEFORESTATION:

Everyday more than thousands of trees are cut down all over the world to use the timber as a major source of fuel, building material and paper products. Urbanization has forced man to acquire huge forest areas. As population grows, the need for agricultural land has also increased over the years. Deforestation has such a large number of detrimental environmental effects. One of the most severe consequences of this is the natural surroundings loss of numerous creature species.

Thus, deforestation can alter the earth’s biodiversity making a lot of rare species even more extinct. Deforestation also plays a major role in global warming and it is also responsible to the contribution of up to 20% of the total greenhouse gases emitted. Trees play a major role in absorbing most of the greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. As lots of trees are cut down, the concentration of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increases thus increasing the temperature of the earth. Another immediate impact of deforestation is expanded soil disintegration. This can also lead to unnatural floods and droughts. Clearing forests can disrupt the normal water flow thus causing abnormal floods and droughts. Plants consume water through roots, discharges into the air that creates mists and downpour.

STATISTIC:

As population grows so does the rise and demand of more forests to be cut down and this leads to deforestation. This is a breakdown of land area per sq. km 2002/2008.

SOLUTION TO DEFORESTATION:

1. Reforestation: Because of public education, new technology and innovation has occurred in most parts of the world that implements reforestation and it very well may be found in nations across Asia.

2. Legislation: Due to new laws and regulations it can be seen that new trees have been planted and old trees are not allowed to be cut down. If this continues there might be a chance to stop deforestation and reverse the whole process completely.

3. Wildlife Sanctuaries: Sanctuaries are very important, not only to save wildlife, but to save trees as well. Sanctuaries go a long way in protecting all wildlife.

4. Cities: All cities should be managed properly. The new projects need to be controlled and planned accordingly and new trees should be planted in the process.

5. Commercial Forest Plantation: There should be a special forest plantations for all the wood that is required by the industries. In this manner the wood can be cut in a controlled and regulated environment.

6. Water Management: Improper water management affects deforestation in a big way. If the wildlife does not have water, then the entire ecosystem will be damaged. The construction of new dams should be planned properly, and area receives abundance of water.

The government must be blamed for the destruction of the forests due to:

1. Their flexibility in allocating the forest land to corporates under political pressure.

2. The distribution of lands to tribal people, on which agriculture cannot be done due to soil variety. This causes the allotted land to be wasted as the cleared land for agriculture can no longer be used for the purpose intended nor can they be used as forest cover as earlier.

OTHER REASONS OF DEFORESTATION:

1. One of the major reasons for the destruction of the forests are the building of dam’s reservoirs. These projects, albeit, intended for the benefit of the people, extends on the reverse side into trouble for the people. Displacement of the masses on one side, the projects cause large areas of virgin forests to be destroyed ruthlessly.

2. The other reason could be attributed to the lack of vigilance of the people who use the forest as camps. Their carelessness may cause forest fires which devours large areas of lush green forests.

UNIVERSAL SOLUTION TO DEFORESTATION:

Forests are an important natural resource for any country and deforestation retards a country’s development. Essential assets can only be accessed by “Afforestation” to fulfill the needs of the growing populace. Afforestation refers to the scheduled of planting trees for food and fodder development. Nurseries play a significant part in growing the cover of forests. As significant for what it is worth for a youngster to attain a nursery through her/his youthful age, so it is for plants to develop under appropriate consideration and security. This prepares them to withstand adverse situations during planting.

There is some hope. Projects with solar powered ovens reduce the need to cut the trees for fuel. Crops best suited for poorer soils is being introduced.

CONCLUSION:

Woodlands are very important for appropriate irrigation, medication, air newness, air contamination reduction, wood obtaining for some reasons and so on. It upsets all the procedures when we cut plants and impacts human lives. Instead of cutting plants to fulfill the need of paper, we should make the habit of recycling the old things as possible and avoid cutting of new plants. As existence without water is beyond the realm of imagination, similarly existence without plants and trees is likewise unrealistic as it is the wellspring of sunlight, natural air, creature environment, shadows, wood and so on.

SANSKRIT CLASS 9TH QUESTION PAPER 2018 (RBSE)

वार्षिक परीक्षा – 2017-18 

Class-IX 

विषय – संस्कृत 

समय: 3¼ घंटे  Time : 3¼ Hr.                                                                                                अधिकतम अंक: 80 Maximum No. 80


परीक्षाओं के लिए सामान्य निर्देश:

1. सर्वे प्रश्नाः अनिवार्याः । 

2. सर्वेषां प्रश्नानामुत्तराणि उत्तरपुस्तिकायामेव लेखनीयानि । 


प्रश्नाः 1. अधोलिखित गद्यांश पठित्वा एतदाधारित प्रश्नानामुत्तराणि यथा निर्देशं लिखत –

संस्कृत भाषा संसारस्य प्राचीनतमासु भाषासु एका प्रसिद्धाभाषा अस्ति । प्राचीनकाले सर्वे जनाः संस्कृतभाषाम् एव दैनिककार्ये व्यवहरन्ति स्म। देववाणी गीर्वाणि, देवगिरा, सुखाणी, सुरमारती इत्यादीनि अस्याः नामानि सन्ति । वेदेषु संस्कृतभाषायाः प्राचीनं रूपं विद्यते। संस्कृतभाषायाः साहित्यम् अपि विश्वस्य प्राचीनतमं साहित्यम् अस्ति। वेदाः उपनिषदः पुराणानि च हिन्दुनां धर्मग्रन्थाः अस्यां भाषायामेव सन्ति वाल्मिके: रामायणं वेदव्यासस्य महाभारतम् अन्ये चापि ग्रन्थाः संस्कृतभाषायाः अमूल्य-रत्नानि सन्ति। श्रीमद्भागवत्गीता महाभारतस्यैव एकम अंगम अस्ति। प्राचीनकाले संस्कृतमेव भारतस्य लोकभाषा राजभाषा च आसीत। कालीदासः भास: बाणः, भारविः, दण्डी, भवभूतिः प्रभूतयः अनेकेरचनाकारा: संस्कृतभाषायाम् एव स्वसाहित्यं व्यरचरान्। 

(1) एतस्य गद्यखण्डस्य समुचितं शीर्षकं लिखत। 

(2) संसारस्य प्राचीनतमासुप्रसिद्धा भाषा का अस्ति? 

(3) संस्कृत भाषायाः प्राचीनतमं रूप कुत्र विद्यते? 

(4) कस्याः भाषायाः साहित्यं प्राचीनतम अस्ति? 

(5) महाभारतस्य रचनाकारः कः अस्ति? 

(6) संस्कृत भाषायाः हिन्दू धर्मग्रन्थाः कानि-कानि सन्ति? 

(7) के प्रमुखाः कवयः संस्कृतभाषायाः अभवन्? 

(8) ‘सुखाणी’ शब्दस्य एकं पर्यायं चित्वा लिखत । 

(9). उपर्युक्त गद्यांशस्य संक्षिप्तीकरण कुरूत। 

 

प्रश्नाः 2. अधोलिखित गद्यांशयो कस्याचिदेकस्य हिन्दी भाषायां अनुवादः कुरूत- 

को न जानाति अद्य स्वामी विवेकानन्दम। सन्त शिरोमणे: राष्ट्रसन्यासिनः अस्य महापुरुषस्य जन्म 1863 तमे ख्रिस्ताब्दे जनवरीमासस्य द्वादश दिनाके मकर संक्रांन्ति पर्वण: अवसरे गंगातटे कोलकाता नगरे एकस्मिन सम्पन्न परिवारे अभवत। तस्य माता भूवनेश्वरी देवी पिता च विश्वनाथदत्तः आसीत। तस्य पिता प्रसिद्धः वाक्कीलः आसीत। तस्य पितामहः दुर्गाचरण: आसीत। ते विश्वनाथस्य जन्मान्तरमेव ईश्वरम् अन्वेष्टुम गृहत्यागं अकरोत। धर्मपरायणी माता बालकं शिवस्य प्रसादं मत्वा तस्य नाम वीरेश्वरः इति कृतवती किन्तु परिवारे व्यवह्यरेच बालकोऽयम नाम नरेन्द्रनाथदत्तः एव आसीत। 

[या] 

संसारे अनेकाः ऋतवः भवन्ति किन्तु भारतवर्षे षडऋतवः प्रमुखाः सन्ति। तासां नामानि वसन्तः, ग्रीष्मः, वर्षाः, शरदः, हेमन्तः, शिशिरः सन्ति। एताषु ऋतुषु वर्षातोः अति महत्वं अस्ति यतो हि भारतदेशः एकः कृषि प्रधानदेशः अस्ति। भारतवर्षस्यं कृषका: ग्रामेषु एव वसन्ति। ते वर्षायाम् एव निर्भराः भवन्ति । ग्रीष्मतापेन सन्तोऽयमं लोक: वर्षासमये सुखानुभवं करोति। कृषकाः बलिर्वदान संयोज्य क्षेत्रकर्षणमारभन्ते। क्षेत्रेषु एवं शस्य प्रजायते। सुकृषप्य मानवस्य जीवनं निर्विघ्नं प्रचलति। 

 

प्रश्नाः 3. निम्नलिखित पद्यांशयोः कस्य चिदेकस्य हिन्दी भाषायां अनुवादः कुरूत- 

(1) अयं निजः परो वेति गणना लघुचेतयाम्। 

      उदारचरितानान्तु वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम॥ 

(2) दानं भोगो नाशस्त्रिस्त्रो गतयो भवन्ति वित्तस्य। 

     यो न ददाति न भुङ्क्ते तस्य तृतीया गतिर्भवति॥ 

 

प्रश्नाः 4. अधोलिखित पद्यांशस्य कस्यचिदेकस्य संस्कृते व्याख्यां कुरूत-

(1) विश्वजनेभ्यो वितरतिस्नेहम, स्नेहमयी मम भारतमाता। 

      कलुष-विषं हरते लोकानां, अमृतमयी मम भारतमाता॥ 

(2) रूप-यौवन-सम्पन्नाः विशाल-कुल-सम्भवाः। 

विद्या-हीनाः न शोभन्ते निर्गंधा इव किंशुकाः॥ 

 

प्रश्नाः 5.अधोलिखित वाक्यानि क्रमरहितानि यथाक्रम संयोजन कृत्वा लिखत- 

(1) रामेण सह सीता लक्ष्मणः चापि वनम् अगच्छताम। 

(2) राभ: वनम् अगच्छत। 

(3) रामः दशरथस्य पुत्रः आसीत। 

(4) रावणः सीताम् अपहरत्। 

(5) रामः रावणं ससैन्यम हतवान्। 

(6) दशरथ: अयोध्याया राजा आसीत। 

 

प्रश्नाः 6.अधोलिखित प्रश्नानामुत्तराणि संस्कृत भाषायां लिखत-

(i) नरेन्द्रस्य पितरौ कौ? 

(ii) ‘मिसाईलमैन’ इति नाम्ना का ख्यातिं लब्धवान

(iii) वयं केषां रक्षां कुर्मः? 

(iv) नद्यः केन प्रयोजनेन वहन्ति? 

(v) वृहत्त्रयी इति नाम्ना प्रसिद्धानि महाकाव्यानि कानि? 

 

प्रश्नाः 7. रेखांकित पदानि अधिकृत्य प्रश्न निर्माण कुरूत- 

(1) स्टेशनस्योपरिः शकटिः अवरुद्धा। 

(2) सर्वत्र स्वच्छतां पालयाम। 

(3) हितं मनोहारि च दुर्लभं वचः। 

(4) शिववीरचरो निजकार्यात न निवर्तते। 

(5) विजयी नाम वृद्धशशकोऽवहत। 

 

प्रश्नाः 8. स्व अशोकं मत्वा स्वप्रधानाचार्यै शल्क मक्त्यार्थम प्रार्थना-पत्रं लिखत।

वा 

अधोलिखितं वर्धापनकां मंजूषाचा प्रदत्तण्डसहायतया पूरयित्वा पुनः उत्तरपुस्तिकाया लिखत- 

वर्धापन पत्रम् 

(1) ……….. भ्रातवर्या सर्वे (2) ……….. निरामया। सर्वे (3) ……….. पश्यन्तु। (4) ………. विशेतितमे पावने (5) ……… कोटिशः (6) ……. 

प्रेषक: 

(7) ……….. 

मंजूषा वर्धापतीनि, भवती, सन्तु आदरणीय, जन्मदिने; भद्रोणि, सुरेश 

 

प्रश्नाः 9. मंजूषायाः सहायतया रिक्त स्थानानि पूरयित्वा कथां उत्तरपुस्तिकाया लिखत- 5 एकस्मिन वने एका ……….. वसति स्म। एकदा सा भोजनस्य अभावे क्षुधापीड़िता अभवत्। भोजनार्थे सा वने………..भ्रमन्ती उद्यानम आगच्छत । तत्र एकां ……….. अपश्यत्। तस्यां लतायां ………. द्राक्षाफलानि आसन्। तानि दृष्टवा सा ……….. अभवत्। सा उत्प्लुत्य नैकवार द्राक्षाफलानि ……….. प्रयत्नम अकरोत किन्तु ……….. सा सफला न अभवत्। निराशां लोमशा प्रत्यागच्छत् अवद्त च – “द्राक्षाफलानि अहं न खादामि तानि तु ……….. सन्ति।

अम्लानि, इतस्ततः, लोमशा, अनेकानि, दूरस्थात, खादितुम, . अतिप्रसन्ना, द्राक्षालताम्, द्राक्षाफलानि 

 

प्रश्नाः 10. अधोलिखित वाक्येषू चत्वार वाक्यां संस्कृत भाषायां अनुवाद कुरूत –

(i) सब लोग सुखी रहे। 

(ii) हम सब भ्रमण में गये थे। 

(iii) वह आंख से अंधा है। 

(iv) वे दोनों मित्र हैं। 

(v) वह (विद्यालय) से आती है। 

 

प्रश्नाः 11. स्व पाठ्य पुस्तकात द्वौ श्लौको लिखत यौ अस्मिन प्रश्नपत्रे न स्याताम।

 

प्रश्नाः 12. अधोलिखित- पदेषु संधिविच्छेदं सन्धि वा कृत्वा सन्धेः नामानि लिखत 

(1) एक+एकः 

(2) महोदय 

(3) गिरि+ईशः 

(4) सु+आगतम् 

 

प्रश्नाः 13. अधोलिखित पदेषु समास विच्छेदं अथवा समास विग्रह कृत्वा समासस्य नामापि लिखत। 

(1) सप्ताह – 

(2) माता च पिता च 

(3) चन्द्रमुखी 

(4) राजः पुरुषः 

 

प्रश्नाः 14. कोष्ठगत पदेषु उचित विभक्ति प्रयुज्य वाक्यानि पूरयत –

(i)………….. अमितः नद्यौ स्तः। (ग्राम) 

(ii) पिता …………. स्तिहयति। (पुत्र) 

(ii) …………. मोदकं रोचते। (बालक) 

(iv) …………. अनिरुद्धः पटु। (राम) 

 

प्रश्नाः 15. अधोलिखित पदेषु प्रकृति प्रत्यय योजयित्वा पदं निर्माणं कुरूत-

(1) भू+कत्वा 

(2) कृ+ल्यप 

(3) अस+तुमुन 

(4) पठ+क्त 

 

प्रश्नाः 16. अधोलिखित पदेषु प्रकृति उपसर्ग योजयिवा पदे निर्माणं कुरूत- 

(i) वि+हस 

(ii) गम+तव्यत 

(iii) अनु+चल 

(iv) उप+वस 

 

प्रश्नाः 17. उचित धातुरूपेण वाक्यानि पूरयत 

(i) वयम् विद्यालयं ………..। (गम् लटलकार) 

(ii) साः कुत्र …………। (गम लुटलकार) 

(iii) यूयम अद्यः विद्यालयं न …………। (आ+गम, लङ्लकार) 

 

प्रश्नाः 18. कोष्ठकै प्रदत्त पदेषु उचित पदेन रिक्त स्थानानि पूरयत –

(i) ………. विना जीवनं नास्ति। (जलम्/जलस्य); 

(ii) ईश्वरः ………… वर्तते। (सर्वेस्मिन/सर्वे) 

(iii) नृपः ………. तिष्ठति। (सिंहासनस्य/सिंहासने) 

 

प्रश्नाः 19. अधोलिखित पदानां/धातुनां वा योगे विभक्ति लिखत- 

(i) सह = ………… 

(ii) परितः = ………… 

(iii) निकषा = ………… 

 

प्रश्नाः 20. चित्रं दृष्टवा मंजूषाः सहायतया: उत्तरपुस्तिकायां पंचवाक्यानि लिखत- 

मंजूषा- पर्यावरणं, प्रयछन्ति, काष्ठानि, आघातं, गृहीत्वा, विमुञ्चन्ति, प्रसन्नाः, अस्मभ्यं, औषधि। 

SHARIRIK AVAM SWASTHYA SHIKSHA CLASS 9TH QUESTION PAPER 2018 (RBSE)

वार्षिक परीक्षा -2017-2018 

कक्षा-9

विषय – शारीरिक एवं स्वास्थ्य शिक्षा 

समय: 3¼ घंटे  Time : 3¼ Hr.                                                                                                अधिकतम अंक: 80 Maximum No. 80


परीक्षाओं के लिए सामान्य निर्देश General instructions for examinations :- 1. सभी प्रश्न करने अनिवार्य हैं। All questions are compulsory. 2. सभी प्रश्नों के अंक प्रश्न के सामने अंकित हैं। The marks of all the questions are marked against the question.

3. प्रश्न पत्र के हिन्दी व अंग्रेजी भाषा के रूपान्तर में किसी प्रकार की त्रुटि/अन्तर। विरोधाभास होने पर हिन्दी भाषा के प्रश्न को सही मानें। Any error / difference in Hindi and English language version of question paper.


ण्ड-अ  Part-A 

प्रश्न 1. शारीरिक शिक्षा से क्या आशय है ? 

What do you mean by ‘Physical Education’ ?   

 

प्रश्न 2.वृद्धि से आप क्या समझते हैं ? 

What do you mean by ‘Growth’ ?   

 

प्रश्न 3. स्वास्थ्य शिक्षा की परिभाषा दीजिए। 

Definition of Health Education’.   

प्रश्न 4. कूद के प्रकार कौन-कौन से हैं ? 

What are the types of Jump’?   

 

प्रश्न 5 . योगासन के सामान्य नियम क्या हैं ? 

What are the general rules of yoga practice?   

 

प्रश्न 6. गीता के अनुसार योग की परिभाषा दीजिए। 

According to Geeta, give the definition of yoga.   

प्रश्न 7. जीवनरक्षक गैस कौनसी है ? 

Which is lifesaving gas?  

 

प्रश्न 8. प्राथमिक उपचार किसे कहते हैं ? 

What do you mean by First-aid?   

 

प्रश्न 9. समस्त खेलों की जननी कौन है ? 

Who is the mother of all games ?   

 

प्रश्न 10. शैक्षणिक खेल कैसे उपयोगी हैं ? 

How Educational games are useful ?   

खण्ड-ब Part-B 

प्रश्न 11. वृद्धि और विकास के मुख्य अंतर कौन से हैं ? 

What are the major differences between growth and development ?   

 

प्रश्न 12. जल प्रदूषण किसे कहते है? 

What is called “Water Pollution” ?   

 

प्रश्न 13. व्यायाम का क्या महत्त्व है? 

Write is the importance of Exercise ?   

 

प्रश्न 14. स्वास्थ्य की अच्छी आदतों के बारे में बताएँ । 

Write about the good habits of health. 

 

  प्रश्न 15. प्रोटीन के प्रमुख स्त्रोतों के बारे में लिखें। 

Write about the main sources of ‘Protein’.   

 

प्रश्न 16. पिरामिड्स से आप क्या समझाते है? 

What do you mean by “Pyramids”?   

 

प्रश्न 17. खो-खो खेल पर एक लघु लेख लिखें। 

Write the short note on Kho-Khon.   

 

प्रश्न 18. स्वच्छ भारत अभियान का महत्त्व बताये। 

Write the importance of ‘Clean India Campaign’.   

 

प्रश्न 19. किन्हीं तीन योगासनों के बारे में लिखें। 

Write something about any three Yogasanas.   

 

प्रश्न 20. फिटनेस का आधुनिक जीवन में क्या महत्व है? 

What is the importance of ‘Fitness’ in modern life?   

 

प्रश्न 21. ‘संतुलित भोजन’ से क्या साशय है? 

What do you mean by ‘Balanced Diet’ ?   

 

प्रश्न 22. सर्पदंश पर क्या किया जाना चाहिए? 

What should be done in case of “Snakebite”?   

 

प्रश्न 23. व्यक्तित्व का क्या आधार है? 

What is the base of ‘Personality’?   

 

प्रश्न 24. कुपोषण से आप क्या समझते हैं ? 

What do you mean by malnutrition ? 

 

  प्रश्न 25. जिम्नास्टिक के क्या-क्या लाभ हैं? 

What are the advantages of Gymnatics?   

 

प्रश्न 26. गोला फेंक की क्रिया क्या है ? 

What is Shot Put activity ?   

खण्ड-स  Part-C  

प्रश्न 27. एथेलिटिक्स पर एक विस्तृत लेख लिखें। 

Write a detailed essay on ‘Athletics’. 

अथवा OR 

अपनी पसंद के किसी एक खेल के बारे में विस्तृत लेख लिखे तथा मैदान का चित्र भी बनाये।  Write detailed essay on any game of your choice and Draw the ground as us.

SAMAJOPAYOGEE-YOJANAEN CLASS 9TH QUESTION PAPER 2018 (RBSE)

वार्षिक परीक्षा- 2017-18 

Class-IX 

विषय – समाजोपयोगी योजनाएँ 

(SAMAJOPAYOGEE-YOJANAEN)

समय: 3¼ घंटे  Time : 3¼ Hr.                                                                                                अधिकतम अंक: 80 Maximum No. 80


परीक्षाओं के लिए सामान्य निर्देश General instructions for examinations :-

1. सभी प्रश्न करने अनिवार्य हैं। All questions are compulsory.

2. सभी प्रश्नों के अंक प्रश्न के सामने अंकित हैं। The marks of all the questions are marked against the question.

3. प्रश्न पत्र के हिन्दी व अंग्रेजी भाषा के रूपान्तर में किसी प्रकार की त्रुटि/अन्तर। विरोधाभास होने पर हिन्दी भाषा के प्रश्न को सही मानें। Any error / difference in Hindi and English language version of question paper.


खण्ड (अ)Part (A) 

प्रश्न 1. स्वच्छता क्या है? 

What is the cleaness? 

 

प्रश्न 2. 10 मिनट धरती के लिए क्या है?

What is the 10 minutes for earth? 

 

प्रश्न 3. विश्व हाथ धुलाई दिवस कब शुरू हुआ? . 

When did the world hand wash day start? 

 

प्रश्न 4. जोखिम क्या है? 

What is the risk? 

 

प्रश्न 5. भामाशाह योजना क्या है? 

What is the Bhamashah plan? 

 

प्रश्न 6. चार जल संकल्पना किसने प्रतिपादित की? 

Who gave the four water concept? 

 

प्रश्न 7. उद्यमिता का अर्थ लिखिए। 

What is the entrepreneurship? 

 

प्रश्न 8. भामाशाह योजना में परिवार का मुखिया किसे घोषित किया गया है? 

Whom has declared the main person of family in Bhamashaha plan? 

 

प्रश्न 9. जल संरक्षण कानून कहाँ पर लागू होता है? 

Where is the water Conservation Law applies? 

 

प्रश्न 10. वर्ष 2013 के आँकड़ों के अनुसार राज्य में कुल कितने ब्लॉक है? 

How many blocks are in state according to 2013 data? 

खण्ड (ब) Part (B) 11. 

प्रश्न 11. कौशल से आप क्या समझते हैं? 

What do you mean by Skill? 

 

प्रश्न 12. स्वच्छता के प्रति हमारे क्या कर्तव्य है? . 

What are our duties about cleaness? 

 

प्रश्न 13. वर्षा जल संरक्षण सर्वोच्च आवश्यकता है? समझाइये।. 

Explain “The rain water protection is the most urgent”. 

 

प्रश्न 14. प्रत्यक्ष लाभ हस्तान्तरण से क्या अभिप्राय है? 

What is the meaning of Direct Benefit Transfer? . 

 

प्रश्न 15. उद्यमिता वातावरण की उपज है। कैसे? 

Enterprenuership is the product of environments How? 

 

प्रश्न 16. भामाशाह योजना में बैंक खाता खोलने हेतु कौन-कौन से दस्तावेज आवश्यक है? सूची बताइए। 

Which documents are necessary to open a bank account in Bhamashaha plan? Make a list. 

 

प्रश्न 17. स्वच्छता एवं स्वास्थ्य में सम्बन्ध बताओ। . 

What is relation between cleaness and health? 

 

प्रश्न 18. निम्न के पूरा नाम लिखो। 

Write full name. 

(1) NABARD 

(2) NHM 

(3) ATMA 

(4) RKVY 

खण्ड (स)Part (C) 

प्रश्न 19. महिला सशक्तिकरण की अवधारणा एवं आवश्यकता बताओ। 

Explain the concepts and necessary of women Empowerment? 

 

प्रश्न 20. मनरेगा पर टिप्पणी लिखिए। 

Write a short note on MNREGA. 

 

प्रश्न 21. कौशल की मुख्य विशेषताएँ लिखिए। 

What are main characteristism of Skill? 

 

प्रश्न 22. भामाशाह कार्ड एवं आधार कार्ड में अन्तर बताओ। 

What are differences in Bhamashaha and aadhar card? 

 

प्रश्न 23. जल की मांग-पूर्ति में असन्तुलन को समझाओ। 

There is unbalance of water demand and supply. Explain it. 

 

प्रश्न 24. जलागम क्षेत्र विकास को कैसे क्रियान्वित करेंगे? . 

How will the implement to develop water catchment area? 

 

प्रश्न 25. कौशल विकास के लाभ बताओ। 

Write benefits of skill development? 

 

प्रश्न 26. जल के कुशलतम उपयोग हेतु सिंचाई की विधि क्या है? 

What are the methods of irrigation for best use for water?

 

प्रश्न 27. अस्वच्छता फैलने के क्या कारण है? 

What are causes to spread uncleaness? 

खण्ड (द) Part (D) 

प्रश्न 28. भामाशाह कार्ड योजना पर एक लेख लिखिए। 

Write an essay on Bhamashah Card Scheme? 

अथवा OR 

दानवीर भामाशाह के मेवाड़ राज्य की रक्षा में योगदान को बताइये। तथा राजस्थान सरकार ने मेवाड की धरा से ही भामाशाह योजना की घोषणा क्यों और कब शुरू की? 

Tell the contribution of Danveer Bhamashah to protect the Mewar state? Rajasthan Govt. announces the Bhamashah Yojna from Mewar, why and when? 

 

प्रश्न 29. कौशल विकास एवं उद्यमिता पर एक लेख लिखिए। 

Write an essay on skill development and enterprenurship. 

अथवा OR 

स्वच्छता अभियान पर एक निबन्ध लिखिए। 

Write an essay on Cleanness Abhiyan. 

 

प्रश्न 30. जल संरक्षण एक महत्ती आवश्यकता है। इस हेतु आप अपने सुझाव दीजिये। 

Water protection is the most important need? Write your suggestion for water protection.

MATHS CLASS 9TH QUESTION PAPER 2018 (RBSE)

Yearly Examination, 2017-18

Class-IX 

Subject-Maths 

समय: 3¼ घंटे  Time : 3¼ Hr.                                                                                                अधिकतम अंक: 80 Maximum No. 80


परीक्षाओं के लिए सामान्य निर्देश General instructions for examinations :-

1. सभी प्रश्न करने अनिवार्य हैं। All questions are compulsory.

2. सभी प्रश्नों के अंक प्रश्न के सामने अंकित हैं। The marks of all the questions are marked against the question.

3. प्रश्न पत्र के हिन्दी व अंग्रेजी भाषा के रूपान्तर में किसी प्रकार की त्रुटि/अन्तर। विरोधाभास होने पर हिन्दी भाषा के प्रश्न को सही मानें। Any error / difference in Hindi and English language version of question paper.


खण्ड-अ

Question 1. 0.3 को p/q के रूप में व्यक्त कीजिए, जहाँ p तथा १ पूर्णांक है तथा q≠0 है। 

Express the 0.3 form of p/q, where p and q are the integers and q≠0. 

 

Question  2. व्यंजक 12+3x+5x2 में x2 का गुणांक लिखो। 

Expression 12+3x+5x2? write the cofficient of x2?. 

 

Question  3.घनाभ के विकर्ण की लम्बाई का सूत्र लिखिए। 

Write the formula of length of diagonal of cubid. 

 

Question  4. /4 रेडियन को डिग्री में परिवर्तित कीजिए। 

Change /4  radian into degree. 

 

Question  5. कार चलाते समय कानून के नियमानुसार सीट बेल्ट पहनने के कानून के उल्लंघन के लिए जुर्माना राशि कितनी लगती है? 

Drive a car not wearing seat belt how many money charged by Law? 

 

Question  6. 878 को विनकुलम संख्या में बदलिए। 

Change into Vinaculum Numbers 878. 

 

Question  7. चित्र में POQ सरल रेखा है। x का मान ज्ञात कीजिए। 

Find the value of x from diagram if POQ straight line. 

 

Question 8. एक समान्तर चतुर्भुज का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए जिसकीऊँचाई 15 मीटर तथा आधार 10 मीटर हो। 

Find the area of parallelogram whose height is 15m and base is 10m.

 

Question 9. यदि sinA = 3/5 हो, तो cos A और tan A के मान ज्ञात कीजिए। 

If sinA = 3/5 It then find the value of cos A and tan A. 

 

Question 10. प्राथमिक आँकड़ों को परिभाषित कीजिए। 

What if the definition of Primary Data. 

 

खण्ड – ब 

Question 11. भिन्न 1/(7+3√2) के हर का परिमेयकरण कीजिए। 

Rationalize the denominator of 1/(7+3√2).

 

Question 12. K का मान ज्ञात कीजिए यदि समीकरण निकाय का कोई हल नहीं है- 2x + ky = 1,  3x-5y = 7

If the following system of equations has no solution, find the value of k. 2x + ky = 1, 3x-5y =

 

Question 13. एक षष्टभुज का एक अन्तःकोण 165° है और प्रत्येक अन्तःकोण का माप x° है, तो शेष प्रत्येक कोण का माप बताइये। 

One interior angle of a hexagon is 165° and remaining angles are of x° each find the value of x. 

 

Question 14. एक त्रिभुज ABC की रचना करो जिसमें b = 7 सेमी,  ∠A=90° तथा कोण ∠C=60° हो। 

Construct a triangle ABC in which b=7 cm, ∠A=90° and ∠C=60°

 

Question 15. त्रिभुजाकार मैदान जिसकी भुजाएँ 8 सेमी, 15 सेमी तथा 17 सेमी है। उसका क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए। 

A triangular field having sides 8 cm, 15 cm and 17 cm respectively find its area. 

 

Question 16. ध्वजांक विधि से भाग दीजिए-  1234 ÷ 42

Divide by Dhvajank method : 1234 ÷ 42 

 

Question 17. 4 कुर्सियों और 3 मेजों का मूल्य 2100 रु. है तथा 5 कुर्सियों और 2 मेजों का मूल्य 1750 रु. है तो एक कुर्सी तथा एक मेज का मूल्य ज्ञात कीजिये।

The cost of 4 chairs and 3 tables is Rs. 2100 and the cost of 5 chairs and 2 tables is Rs. 1750. Find the cost of one chair and one’ table separately.

 

Question 18. चित्र में AB=AC एवं ∠B=58° हो तो कोण ∠A का मान ज्ञात करो। 

In Fig.AB = AC and ∠B=58°, then find the value of ∠A. 

 

Question 19. एक चतुर्भुज ABCD की रचना कीजिए जिसमें AB=5.5 सेमी, BC=3.3 सेमी, AD=4.6 सेमी तथा विकर्ण AC = 5.7 सेमी और विकर्ण BC=6 सेमी हो। 

Construct a quadrilateral ABCD in which AB=3.5 cm, BC=3.3cm, AD= 4.6 cm and diagonals AC = 5.7 cm and BD= 6 cm.

 

Question 20. एक लकड़ी का बक्सा 1 सेमी मोटी लकड़ी से बना हुआ है उसकी बाहरी लम्बाई, चौड़ाई से ऊँचाई क्रमशः 75 सेमी, 60 सेमी एवं 40 सेमी है तो बक्से में लगी लकड़ी का आयतन ज्ञात कीजिए। . 

A wooden box is made up by 1 cm thickness if its outer dimensions are 75cm length, 60 cm breadth and 40 cm height find the volume of wood consume to make it. 

 

Question 21. एक आयताकार पानी का टैंक 12 मीटर लम्बा, 6 मीटर चौड़ा तथा 2 मीटर गहरा है। इसकी चारों दीवारों एवं तल की मरम्मत कराने का खर्च 15 रु. प्रति वर्ग मीटर की दर से ज्ञात कीजिए। 

A rectangular tank of water is 12m long, 6m wide and 2 m deep. Find the cost of repairing its four walls and floor at the rate of Rs. 15 per square meter. 

 

Question 22.यदि sinθ=  4/5 हो तो (4tanθ-5cosθ)/(secθ + 4cotθ) का मान ज्ञात कीजिए। 

If sinθ =  4/5 then find the value of  (4tanθ-5cosθ)/(secθ + 4cotθ)

 

Question 23. किसी त्रिभुज के कोण 2:3:4 के अनुपात में है, तीनों कोणों को रेडियन में ज्ञात कीजिए। 

The angle of triangle are in ratio 2:3:4. Find the three angles in radian. 

 

Question 24. रा.बा.मा.वि. धनला की गणित परीक्षा में 15 छात्राओं में निम्नलिखित अंक ज्ञात कीजिए- 

41, 39, 48, 52, 46, 62, 54, 40,96, 52, 98, 40, 42, 52, 60 

इन आँकड़ों के माध्य,माध्यक एवं बहुलक ज्ञात कीजिए। 

Govt. G.S.S. Dhanla in mathematics test given to 15 students, the following marks are recorded: 

41,39,48, 52,46, 62,54,40,96,52,98,40,42,52,60 – 

Find the mean, median and mode above data. 

 

Question 25. एक आयताकार बोर्ड 20cmx15cm है दस रुपये प्रति वर्ग सेमी की दर से दो आयताकार बोर्ड बनाने का मूल्य ज्ञात कीजिए। 

Rectangle size board is 20cm x 15cm if rate of per square cm is 10 rupees then find the value of two rectangular boards. 

 

Question 26. निम्न बारम्बारता बंटन के लिए बारम्बारता बहुभुज का निर्माण आयत चित्र बनाते हुए करो | 

उत्पादन (टना में) 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
बारम्बारता 8 18 23 37 47 26 16

Draw a frequency polygon with the help of histogram for the following distribution. 

Production (in tonnes) 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
Frequency 8 18 23 37 47 26 16

 

Question 27. सिद्ध कीजिए- Prove that : 

(i) tan2θ-cot2θ = sec2θ-cosec2θ (ii) cos4θ -sin4θ = 1- 2sin2θ 

OR 

सिद्ध कीजिये- Prove that : (tan A + sec A-1)/(tan A – sec A+1) = tan A + Sec A 

 

Question 28. एक आयतकार मैदान 40 मीटर लम्बा और 30 मीटर चौड़ा है। इसके बीचों-बीच 3 मीटर चौड़ा मार्ग लम्बाई और चौड़ाई के मध्य बना हुआ है। इस मार्ग पर 200 रुपये प्रति वर्ग मीटर की दर से कंकरीट विछवाने का व्यय ज्ञात करो। 

A rectagular ground is 40in long and 30m wide. A 3m wide path. Parallel to its length and width, is made in the middle of the ground. Find the expenditure of paving the concrete on this path at the rate of Rs. 200 per square meter. 

 

Question 29. सिद्ध कीजिए कि किसी त्रिभुज में कर्ण पर बना वर्ग अन्य दोनों भुजाओं पर बने वर्गों के योग के बराबर होता है। 

To prove that right angle triangle square made on hypotenuse, is equal to the sum of the square made on after two sides. 

OR 

सिद्ध कीजिए कि एक त्रिभुज के दो कोण और एक भुजा दूसरे त्रिभुज के दो संगत . कोणों और संगत भुजाओं के बराबर हो तो त्रिभुज सर्वांगसम होते हैं। 

To prove that if two angles and one side of one triangle are equal to the corresponding two angles and one side of the others triangle then the two triangle are congruent. 

 

Question 30. उपर्युक्त सर्वसमिकाओं का प्रयोग करके गुणनखण्ड करो 

Using the suitable identities, factorise the following: 

(i) 64a3 +27b3 

(ii) x2 + 6xy+9y2 

(iii) 9x2 -4y2 +16z2 -12xy-16yz+24xy 

(iv) x4 +y4 

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY-1 CLASS 9TH QUESTION PAPER 2018 (RBSE)

वार्षिक परीक्षा – 2017-18 

Class-IX 

विषय-सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी की अवधारणा-1 

 (Information Technology-1) 

समय: 3¼ घंटे  Time : 3¼ Hr.                                                                                                अधिकतम अंक: 80 Maximum No. 80


परीक्षाओं के लिए सामान्य निर्देश General instructions for examinations :-

1. सभी प्रश्न करने अनिवार्य हैं। All questions are compulsory.

2. सभी प्रश्नों के अंक प्रश्न के सामने अंकित हैं। The marks of all the questions are marked against the question.

3. प्रश्न पत्र के हिन्दी व अंग्रेजी भाषा के रूपान्तर में किसी प्रकार की त्रुटि/अन्तर। विरोधाभास होने पर हिन्दी भाषा के प्रश्न को सही मानें। Any error / difference in Hindi and English language version of question paper.


खण्ड (अ) Part (A) 

प्रश्न 1. आधुनिक कम्प्यूटर का जनक किसे माना जाता है? 

Who is known as the “FATHER OF THE MODERN COMPUTER’? 

 

प्रश्न 2. किन्हीं दो इनपुट डिवाईस के नाम लिखिए। 

Write the name of any two input devices. 

 

प्रश्न 3. कम्प्यूटर को बंद करने की प्रक्रिया क्या कहलाती है? 

What is processing of Turn off a computer? 

 

प्रश्न 4. डिजिटल इण्डिया का क्या उद्देश्य है? 

What is the mission of Digital India. 

 

प्रश्न 5. ई-लर्निंग क्या है? 

What is E-learning? 

 

प्रश्न 6. वाई-फाई (Wi-fi) का पूरा नाम लिखिए। 

Write the full name of wi-fi. 

 

प्रश्न 7. WIPO का पूरा नाम लिखिए। 

Write the full name of WIPO. 

 

प्रश्न 8. फैक्स (Fax) क्या है? 

What is Fax? 

 

प्रश्न 9. वर्ड प्रोफेसर क्या है? 

What is word-processor? (10.) 

 

प्रश्न 10. किसी एक इन्टरनेट प्रोटोकॉल का नाम लिखिए। 

Write the any one name of Internet protocol. 

 

खण्ड (ब) Part (B)

प्रश्न 11. ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम क्या है? 

What is Operating System? . 

 

प्रश्न 12. स्लाइड शो प्रदर्शित करने के दो तरीके लिखिए। 

Write any two ways to run a slide show? 

 

प्रश्न 13. हार्डवेयर व सॉफ्टवेयर में अन्तर बताइये। 

What is difference between Hardware and Software? 

 

प्रश्न 14. ई-मित्र योजना क्या है? 

What is scheme of E-mitra? 

 

प्रश्न 15. सुपर कम्प्यूटर की विशेषताएँ लिखिए। 

Write the characteristics of Super Computer. 

 

प्रश्न 16. इन्टरनेट क्या है? 

What is Internet?  

 

प्रश्न 17. (011001)2 को (?)10 में परिवर्तन करें। 

Change the following (011001)2→ (?)10 

 

प्रश्न 18.HTML का पूरा नाम लिखिए व इसके मुख्य उपयोग लिखिये। 

Write the full name of HTML and write also use of HTML. 

 

प्रश्न 19. विण्डोज-95 व विण्डोज XP में अन्तर बताइए। 

What is difference between window-95 and windows-XP. 

 

प्रश्न 20. प्रस्तुतीकरण से क्या तात्पर्य है? 

What about presentation? 

 

प्रश्न 21. स्टार टोपोलोजी को समझाइये। 

Explain! Star Topology. 

 

प्रश्न 22. ई-शासन के लाभ लिखिए। 

Write the Advantages of E-Governace. 

 

प्रश्न 23. यूटिलिटी प्रोग्राम को समझाइये। 

Explain! Utility program. 

 

खण्ड (स) Part (C) 

प्रश्न 24. इम्पैक्ट व नॉन इम्पैक्ट प्रिन्टर में क्या अन्तर है? 

What is difference between Impact and Non-impact prienter? 

 

प्रश्न  25. सोशल मीडिया के उपयोग के लाभ व हानियाँ बताइये। 

Write the profit and loss of uses of social media. 

 

प्रश्न 26. मिनिमाईज, रिस्टोर व क्लोज बटन के कार्य लिखिए।

Write the work of minimize, restore and close button. 

 

प्रश्न 27. Auto Content Wizard से प्रस्तुतीकरण के निर्माण की प्रक्रिया को समझाइये। Explain the presentation development method using Auto content Wizard. 

 

प्रश्न 28. किसी पेज को प्रिन्ट करने की विधि लिखिये। 

Write method of page printing. 

 

प्रश्न 29. बौद्धिक सम्पदा अधिकारी पर निबंध लिखिए। 

Write an essay on Intellectual Property right. 

अथवा OR. 

डेसीमल की संख्या को बाइनेरी की संख्या में बदलने की विधि उदाहरण सहित समझाइये। 

Explain with example method of changing decimal number into Binary number. 

 

प्रश्न 30. विण्डो के फाईल मीनू व एडिट मीनू का वर्णन करें। 

Describe the File menu and Edit menu of windows. : 

अथवा / OR 

निम्न पर संक्षिप्त टिप्पणी लिखिए। 

Write the short note on following: 

(A) निजता (Secrecy) 

(B) सत्यनिष्ठा (Integrity)

(C) साहित्यिक चोरी (Plagiarism) 

(D) हब (Hub)

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