Vidhyarthi Darpan %

Latest Current Affairs 17 and 18 MAY 2020

CURRENT AFFAIRS
17 MAY 2020

BY:GAZAL BHATNAGAR, VIDHYARTHI DARPAN

NATIONAL AFFAIRS:

1) To counter spread of COVID-19, CSIR creates handheld indoor cleansing sprayer:

CSIR ने COVID-19 प्रसार का मुकाबला करने के लिए मोबाइल इनडोर कीटाणुशोधन स्प्रेयर विकसित किया:

Researchers at the CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI), Durgapur, have created two portable indoor sanitization sprayer units, Battery Powered Disinfectant Sprayer (BPDS) and Pneumatically Operated Mobile Indoor Disinfection (POMID) that can be utilized viably, particularly in medical clinics, to clean and sterilize pathogenic microorganisms.

सीएसआईआर-सेंट्रल मैकेनिकल इंजीनियरिंग रिसर्च इंस्टीट्यूट (सीएमईआरआई), दुर्गापुर के वैज्ञानिकों ने दो मोबाइल इनडोर डिसइनफेक्शन स्प्रेयर यूनिट, बैटरी पावर्ड डिसइन्फेक्टेंट स्प्रेयर (बीपीडीएस) और न्यूमेटिक ऑपरेटेड मोबाइल इंडोर डिसइनफेक्शन (पीओएमआईडी) विकसित किए हैं। इन कीटाणुशोधन इकाइयों का उपयोग विशेष रूप से अस्पतालों में प्रभावी रूप से रोगजनक सूक्ष्म जीवों की सफाई और कीटाणुरहित करने के लिए किया जा सकता है।

2) Indian and World Bank governments sign USD 750 million to safeguard Indian Poor from the COVID-19 pandemic:

भारत सरकार और विश्व बैंक ने COVID-19 महामारी से भारत के सबसे गरीब को बचाने के लिए 750 मिलियन अमरीकी डालर पर हस्ताक्षर किए:

The Government of India and the World Bank have marked a $750 million $1 billion consent to quicken India’s COVID-19 Social Protection Response Program, planned for supporting India ‘s endeavors to give social help to poor people and distraught family units genuinely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

भारत सरकार और विश्व बैंक ने भारत के COVID-19 सामाजिक संरक्षण प्रतिक्रिया कार्यक्रम में तेजी लाने के लिए प्रस्तावित $ 1 बिलियन के $ 750 मिलियन पर हस्ताक्षर किए। समझौते का उद्देश्य गरीब और कमजोर परिवारों को सामाजिक सहायता प्रदान करने के लिए भारत के प्रयासों का समर्थन करना है, जो कि COVID-19 महामारी से गंभीर रूप से प्रभावित है।

3) on 16 May Sikkim praised 45th State Day:

सिक्किम ने 16 मई को 45 वां राज्य दिवस मनाया

On 16 May 2020, Sikkim praised 45th State Day in a short capacity held at Chintan Bhawan premises, Gangtok, where Governor Sikkim Shri Ganga Prasad and Chief Minister Shri Prem Singh Tamang were graced with the function in the middle of a lockdown.

सिक्किम ने 16 मई 2020 को 45 वां राज्य दिवस मनाया। यह चिंतन भवन परिसर, गंगटोक में आयोजित एक संक्षिप्त समारोह में मनाया गया। समारोह को सिक्किम के राज्यपाल श्री गंगा प्रसाद और मुख्यमंत्री श्री प्रेम सिंह तमांग ने बंद के बीच रखा।

4) Rajiv Gandhi Kisan Nyay Yojana will be introduced by Chhattisgarh:

छत्तीसगढ़ में जल्द ही राजीव गांधी किसान न्याय योजना शुरू होगी:

Chhattisgarh State government will initiate Rajiv Gandhi Kisan Nyay Yojana on 21 May on the celebration of the death anniversary of previous Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi that plans to boost the provincial economy in the state in the midst of the slowdown brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic.

छत्तीसगढ़ राज्य सरकार पूर्व प्रधानमंत्री राजीव गांधी की पुण्यतिथि के उपलक्ष्य पर 21 मई को राजीव गांधी किसान न्याय योजना शुरू करेगी। इस योजना का उद्देश्य COVID-19 महामारी के कारण होने वाली मंदी के बीच राज्य में ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था को प्रोत्साहित करना है।

5) The Government of India and AIIB have consented to a credit agreement to create irrigation services on a USD 145 million venture:

भारत सरकार और एआईआईबी ने सिंचाई सेवाओं में सुधार के लिए 145 मिलियन अमरीकी डालर की परियोजना के लिए ऋण समझौते पर हस्ताक्षर किए:

The government of India, the state of West Bengal and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) consented to a loan agreement for a $145 million venture planned for improving flood control and water system facilities in the West Bengal state’s Damodar Valley Command Area (DVCA).

भारत सरकार, पश्चिम बंगाल राज्य और एशियन इन्फ्रास्ट्रक्चर इन्वेस्टमेंट बैंक (AIIB) ने पश्चिम बंगाल राज्य के दामोदर वैली कमांड एरिया (DVCA) में बाढ़ नियंत्रण और पानी की व्यवस्था सुविधाओं में सुधार के लिए $ 145 मिलियन के उद्यम के लिए एक ऋण समझौते पर सहमति व्यक्त की।

WORLD AFFAIRS:

1) The 16 May is the International Day of Light:

16 मई को अंतर्राष्ट्रीय प्रकाश दिवस मनाया जाता है:

Universal Day of Light is seen on 16 May, denoting the 60th commemoration of Theodore Maiman the physicist and engineer’s first fruitful laser operation in 1960. The day intends to bring issues to light of the important role played by all light-based innovations in individuals’ lives in zones of training, workmanship , and culture of economic development, science and innovation, and in such various fields as medication, communications, and energy.

16 मई को अंतर्राष्ट्रीय प्रकाश दिवस मनाया जाता है। यह दिन थियोडोर मैमन, भौतिक विज्ञानी और इंजीनियर द्वारा 1960 में लेजर के पहले सफल संचालन की 60 वीं वर्षगांठ का प्रतीक है। यह दिन शिक्षा, कला, और संस्कृति के सतत विकास, विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी के क्षेत्र में लोगों के जीवन में सभी प्रकाश-आधारित प्रौद्योगिकियों द्वारा निभाई गई महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका, और चिकित्सा, संचार और ऊर्जा के रूप में विविध क्षेत्रों में जागरूकता बढ़ाने के लिए है।

SPORTS AFFAIRS:

1) Germany’s Bundesliga turns into world’s first significant games rivalry to continue post COVID-19 lockdown:

COVID-19 लॉकडाउन के बाद फिर से शुरू होने के लिए जर्मनी की बुंडेसलीगा विश्व की पहली बड़ी खेल प्रतियोगिता बन गई है:

Germany’s Bundesliga has become the world’s first significant games rivalry to restart its season after national lockdown imposed to control the spread of coronavirus pandemic where the rest of the matches of the 2019-20 season has launched by the European Football League from May 16 , 2020.

जर्मनी का बुंडेसलीगा, कोरोनोवायरस महामारी को रोकने के लिए लगाए गए अपने देशव्यापी लॉकडाउन को फिर से शुरू करने के लिए दुनिया की पहली बड़ी खेल प्रतियोगिता बन गया है। यूरोपीय फुटबॉल लीग के 2019-20 सीज़न के शेष मैच 16 मई, 2020 से शुरू हुए।

CURRENT AFFAIRS
18 MAY 2020

BY:GAZAL BHATNAGAR, VIDHYARTHI DARPAN

NATIONAL AFFAIRS:

1) The Center has introduced ‘National Migrant Information System’ to monitor migrant movement:

प्रवासियों के आंदोलन को ट्रैक करने के लिए केंद्र ने राष्ट्रीय प्रवासी सूचना प्रणाली शुरू की:

The union government introduced the ‘National Migration Information System’ on May 16 in order to promote the smooth movement of vagrant laborers over the nation. The online dashboard was built on the current NDMA-GIS platform by the National Disaster Management Authority to help collect data about the movement of laborers abandoned in various states.

केंद्र सरकार ने 16 मई को देश भर में यात्रा करने वाले प्रवासी श्रमिकों के सुचारू आवागमन को सुगम बनाने के लिए ‘राष्ट्रीय प्रवासन सूचना प्रणाली’ शुरू की। मौजूदा एनडीएमए-जीआईएस पोर्टल पर राष्ट्रीय आपदा प्रबंधन प्राधिकरण द्वारा ऑनलाइन डैशबोर्ड विकसित किया गया है। यह विभिन्न राज्यों में फंसे श्रमिकों के आंदोलन के बारे में जानकारी हासिल करने में मदद करेगा।

2) MHA issues rules for identifying national COVID-19 consistence mandates:

COVID-19 प्रबंधन के लिए राष्ट्रीय निर्देशों को निर्दिष्ट करने के लिए गृह मंत्रालय ने दिशानिर्देश जारी किए:

The Ministry of Home Affairs has released rules for the National Directives on COVID-19 administration, which will relate with public spots and working environments and ought to be implemented by all people out in the public spots and in transport.

गृह मंत्रालय ने COVID-19 प्रबंधन के लिए राष्ट्रीय निर्देशों को दिशा-निर्देश जारी किए जो सार्वजनिक स्थानों और कार्यस्थलों पर लागू होंगे और सार्वजनिक स्थानों और परिवहन में सभी व्यक्तियों द्वारा इसका पालन किया जाना चाहिए।

3) Zubair Iqbal named as J&K Bank’s MD:

जुबैर इकबाल को जम्मू और कश्मीर बैंक के एमडी के रूप में नियुक्त किया गया:

On May 16, 2020, the Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) organization affirmed the appointment of senior vice president of HDFC bank Zubair Iqbal as Jammu and Kashmir Bank ‘s new managing director (MD) for a 3-year term.

16 मई, 2020 को, जम्मू और कश्मीर प्रशासन ने एचडीएफसी बैंक के वरिष्ठ उपाध्यक्ष जुबैर इकबाल को 3 साल की अवधि के लिए जम्मू और कश्मीर बैंक के नए प्रबंध निदेशक (एमडी) के रूप में नियुक्त करने की मंजूरी दी।

4) At Port Blair, Indian Navy commissioned seventh MK IV class Landing Craft Utility ship ‘IN LCU L57’:

भारतीय नौसेना ने पोर्ट ब्लेयर में एमके चतुर्थ श्रेणी लैंडिंग क्राफ्ट यूटिलिटी U IN LCU L57 ’के 7 वें जहाज का संचालन किया:

The 103rd Landing Craft Utility MK IV class vessel ‘INLCU L 57’ was introduced by Lt General PS Rajeshwar, Commander-in – Chief of Andaman and Nicobar Command to the Indian Navy at Port Blair, which was the seventh in a progression of 8 such vessels produced by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Limited for the Navy.

अंडमान एवं निकोबार कमान के कमांडिंग-इन-चीफ लेफ्टिनेंट जनरल पीएस राजेश्वर ने पोर्ट ब्लेयर में भारतीय नौसेना में 103 वें लैंडिंग क्राफ्ट यूटिलिटी एमके चतुर्थ श्रेणी के जहाज U INLCU L 57 ’को चालू किया है। यह नेवी के लिए गार्डन रीच शिपबिल्डर्स एंड इंजीनियर्स लिमिटेड द्वारा स्वदेशी रूप से बनाए जा रहे 8 ऐसे जहाजों की श्रृंखला में 7 वां था।

WORLD AFFAIRS:

1) The World Day of Hypertension occurs on 17 May:

17 मई को विश्व उच्च रक्तचाप दिवस मनाया जाता है:

Consistently on 17 May, the World Hypertension Day is commended which plans to promote open familiarity with hypertension and furthermore energizes all individuals around the globe to forestall and monitor this quiet executioner.

विश्व उच्च रक्तचाप दिवस हर साल 17 मई को मनाया जाता है, जिसका उद्देश्य उच्च रक्तचाप की सार्वजनिक जागरूकता को बढ़ावा देना है और साथ ही दुनिया भर के सभी लोगों को इस मूक हत्यारे को रोकने और नियंत्रित करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करता है।

2) Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu sworn-in for the fifth time:

इजरायल के पीएम बेंजामिन नेतन्याहू ने 5 वीं बार शपथ ली:

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu eventually promised for the fifth time in his new term on 17 May when the swearing-in function of the new Israeli parliament, the Knesset, was held as per social separating mandates on corona infection. Netanyahu shall remain in power until November 13, 2021.

प्रधान मंत्री बेंजामिन नेतन्याहू ने 17 वीं मई को अपनी नई सरकार में पांचवीं बार शपथ ली। इज़राइल की नई सरकार, कसेट, के शपथ ग्रहण का समारोह कोरोनोवायरस सोशल डिस्टेंसिंग निर्देशों के अनुसार आयोजित किया गया था। 13 नवंबर 2021 तक नेतन्याहू सत्ता में रहेंगे।

DEFORESTATION – वनोन्मूलन

DEFORESTATION (वनोन्मूलन)

BY: GAZAL BHATNAGAR,VIDHYARTHI DARPAN

DEFINITION AND MEANING:

Deforestation means the process of cutting down and burning the trees in forest and woodland and converting the land to other use. In other words, it is the destruction of forest, removal of vegetation from an area and clearing of trees for various commercial purposes and for fulfilling the personal needs. Deforestation is the quick woodland devastation through the incessant cutting of plants without replanting.

CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION:

1. Globalization

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2. Urbanization

3. Over Population

4. Climate

5. Over Grazing

6. Shifting Cultivation

7. Fuel Wood

8. Forest Fires

9. Timber

10. Industry Establishment

11. Encroachment of Forest

12. Forest Diseases

13. Landslides

14. Ravine Formation

Globalization:

Due to Globalization many industries and factories are built which emit carbon di oxide that affects the trees and forests. India and China are the major countries where trees and forests are used to produce products and supplies in various parts of the world.

Urbanization:

As the world progresses, trees are cleared to oblige growing urban regions for the utilization of construction materials, furniture, paper products, material utilized for highways and streets and timberlands. They are cut down to create land for grazing cattle and for growing crops. Trees are also cut down in developing countries to be used as firewood or turned into charcoal, which are used for cooking and heating purposes.

Over Population:

An increase in population increases the products consumption for which the trees are being destroyed. The fundamental needs are asylum and food supplied with the aid of forests where an ideal measure of utilization and development is required.

Over population in countries like China and India are a result where deforestation rate is higher than comparative countries. The considerable demand for housing in the urban sector increases the demand for wood in the construction of the houses. With more demand, greater is the harm done to the forests. As the land area is limited, the only option for the real estate dealers is to buy the forest land for cheap, clear them and make housing sites for the population.

Climate:

Atmosphere influences people as well as trees, streets, and little plants. The major factor is “ACID RAIN”. Waxy outer coating that covers the leaves is weakened by acid rain.When this happens, it allows the acid to seep into the tree that protects the leaves. Instead of water that changes from a liquid to a gas inside the leaves, gas takes the place of the water. This stops the plant from absorbing carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, and the plant then dies.

Another factor of climate is global warming. As the temperature increases than the average temperature, it affects the growth of the plants and soil thus leading to deforestation.

Overgrazing:

Overgrazing not only destroys forests regenerated growth but also makes soil more compact and impervious. Soil becomes less fertile due to destruction of organic matter and the seeds of certain species do not germinate in excessively grazed soils which results in reduction of species. This leads to desertification. Overgrazing also accelerates the soil erosion which results in the removal of minerals and nutrients from the topsoil and adversely affects the soil structure that ultimately lowers the productivity. The uncontrolled and indiscriminate grazing in the forests leads to degradation of forest soil and affect natural regeneration of forests. Due to excess grazing of the cattle in the grazing lands, the topsoil is washed away which makes it useless for any purpose, including grazing. This prompts to clear the forest areas for growing fodder which led to deforestation.

Shifting Cultivation:

In North Eastern India, due to heavy water erosion shifting cultivation is locally called “JHUM”. Numerous ranchers slaughter the woods for farming and business purposes and another timberland territory is devastated when soil fertility is depleted because of continued cropping. This degrades about one million hectare land every year thus leading to deforestation.

Fuel Wood:

Maximum forest habitat destruction is performed for wood-fuel. In India alone, the annual demand for firewood was 235 million cubic meters (according to Forest survey of India, 1987) where 135 million tons of firewood was consumed in rural areas while 23 million tons was consumed in urban areas.

So, fuel wood is a big deforestation cause.

Forest Fires:

Some fires are incidental while the majority of them are deliberate. According to Forest Survey of India (1996), 53.1% forest vegetation was affected by fire which destroyed about 0.5 million hectares of forests annually. Thus, frequent fires are the major cause of deforestation.

Timber:

According to Forest Survey of India 1987, the annual demand of timber was 12 million cubic meters. Thus, the increased demand for timber led to a rapid depletion of forest. Timber and plywood industries are mainly responsible for the destruction of forest trees and deforestation.

Industry Establishment:

For the establishment of factories and industries, precious plants, wild animals, and rare birds are destroyed, and the quality of environment is adversely affected. The forest-based industries such as Resin and Turpentine industry are responsible for the destruction of trees in the hills as raw materials are supplied to these industries thus causing deforestation.

Encroachment of Forest:

It means encroachment by tribal on forest land for agriculture and other purposes. According to Forest Survey of India, about 7 million hectares of forest land has been encroached for agriculture which produced environmental hazards and deforestation.

Forest Diseases:

Many diseases that are caused by parasitic fungi, rusts, viruses and nematodes causes’ death and decay of forest plants. Young seedlings are destroyed due to attack of nematodes. Many diseases such as heart rot, blister rust, oak will, phloem necrosis and Dutch elm disease, etc. damage the forest trees in large numbers.

Landslides:

The landslides occur mainly in the areas where developmental activities are in progress. The construction of roads and railways particularly in hilly terrains, setting up of big irrigation projects have caused enough destruction to forest and accelerated the natural process of denudation. Deforestation due to landslide in the hills is the major concern.

Ravines Formation:

The forested areas and farming grounds at the edges of large stream gorges (Yamuna and Chambal) face a severe soil disintegration risk. Once the ravines are formed, they continue to destroy the vegetational cover.

EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION:

1. Deforestation results in many effects like loss of animals home, death of animals, environmental changes, seasonal changes, increase in temperature, rise in environmental heat, global warming, increase in greenhouse gases, melting of ice caps and glaciers, increase in sea level, weakening of ozone layer, hole in the ozone layer, death of sea animals, increasing risks of natural disaster like Storms, cyclones, typhoons, floods, droughts and many other adverse shifts that are sufficient to last life on earth.

2. It is affecting the human lives to a great extent by forcing the negative changes to the environment and atmosphere.

3. Deforestation affects human wellbeing and the new ecosystem by means of atmosphere unevenness, rising an Earth-wide temperature boost, soil disintegration, floods, elimination of biodiversity, diminishing levels of fresh oxygen and rising carbon dioxide, expanding air contamination and expanding levels of toxic gases.

All the harmful impacts of deforestation are causing numerous medical issues, and above all else lung and respiratory issues.

4. Deforestation is not only disturbing the human lives by causing several imbalance ecologically and environmentally but also alarming continuously and indicating the need to stop cutting plants for the safety of human lives. A few people do deforestation to accomplish their insatiability of acquiring money from wood. People are cutting plants for their agricultural activities, logging (to make papers, match-sticks, furniture etc.), urbanization (road construction, housing etc.), desertification of land, mining (oil and coal mining), and fires (to get heat) etc.

5. It disrupts the carbon cycle. The forest trees take carbon dioxide as well as the atmosphere. It affects the human lives and causes an imbalance in ecology and environment. The human health is affected by the pollution which is occurred by deforestation. The land pollution, air pollution and global warming are the main reasons for the various effects on human, wildlife, and nature.

6. Population growth and agricultural development has put unprecedented pressure on India’s forests in the past half century. With the simultaneous rise in both the number of cattle and the amount of land under cultivation, livestock owners were forced to move to forest areas to graze their herd. As indicated by the State of the Forest Study 1995, 78 percent of all woods have undergone frequencies of deforestation and 74 percent of forests need recovery.

SOIL EROSION:

Prompt impacts of deforestation incorporate the washing ceaselessly of soil in the rainstorm season. This is because trees are no longer connecting and holding the soil and so mud slides are possible. The earth is leached of minerals by the large amounts of water. The absence of vegetation likewise implies not many creatures will be found in the field. Most of nutrients are stored in the vegetation and the trees, so if these factors receive bad cycle, our eco-system will be destroyed. Once the trees and plants are cut down, essential nutrients are separated easily and are washed out by rainfall. Thus, we would lose the nutrients for our body needs for daily life. In the event that the ground gets dries and splits under the sun’s warmth without the shelter of the trees, we cannot develop any plants in light of the fact that the soil components are lost. According to the statistics, nearly 80% of tropical forest soil is now infertile, and they will cause worse eco-system which will affect the animals who live there and their habitats. It may change their genetic as well.

SOCIAL EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION:

1. Deforestation has so many social effects on our society. Its impact not only affects humans but also plants, animals, and the surrounding environment. It causes and forces the surrounding to adapt in order to survive such difficult situations.

2. Indigenous people who consider the forests as their primary habitats are rendered homeless when forests are depleted. This can be seen in mostly undeveloped areas where many people use the forest as their primary habitat. The people living in these areas are forced to move while their surroundings are being altered. The cutting down of forest trees forces the people who live around such areas to move and seek shelter elsewhere.

3. People and animals who live in the rainforest areas depends on their natural environment. Individuals who live close to the timberland in these regions typically rely on their indigenous habitat for fundamental things like food, shelter, water and so forth. Cutting down the trees in those areas usually tend to affect all living things and surroundings that forces them to migrate and look for another conducive atmosphere.

4. Social conflicts and struggles over land and other resources results in the loss of lands and people who live there have to migrate to other places in search of land and resources.

FACTS RELATED TO DEFORESTATION IN INDIA:

1. Deforestation could lead to changes in surface conditions, which would increase the intensity and decrease the duration of rainfall, thereby increasing run-off. This causes soil erosion which leads to the riverbeds being silted. This is how floods occur.

2. India is losing 1.5 million hectares (mha) of forests per year, thereby bringing down the total forest area from 74 mha to 40 mha.

3. Deforestation causes loss of top soil to the tune of 12000 million tons.

4. Due to deforestation, India loses Rs 10,000 crores every year in the form of damage by floods.

ISSUES IN DEFORESTATION:

1. On the rural side, the issue is that the people are depended on the forests for wood fuel and that is why their needs are fulfilled as well as the forests are not depleted because of their actions.

2. On the urban side, we must remember that the trend of consumerism has found currency with the urbanites accompanied with total disregard for the environment. So, can the consumerist attitude and the conversationalist attitude co-exist?

3. Corporates are facing increasing pressure from various organizations to take care of the environment, yet there is no social concern or initiative coming from them directly. Can the government be unbiased in its actions?

4. Almost all the forests are owned by the government and it is their responsibility to see that the forests are safeguarded. But due to lack of political will and pressure from other sectors, the government is not able to decide and act on its own. Can the government be unbiased in its actions?

5. The standard of fixing (33% compulsory forest cover) for all the states of the nation is not a viable, as there are various differences among the states, and many of them are solely dependent on the forest resources for their revenue. Can a region-specific target be drawn up, so that the overall forest cover concedes to the total target of 33%?

6. It is noteworthy to mention that the rate of deforestation exceeds the rate of afforestation. As the land area is fixed, and the cleared forests are used for other purposes, can the scheme of afforestation be successful in the near future?

7. There is a close link between agriculture and forestry. With improvements in the agriculture sector, and with the increase in population, there is a continuous need for upgrading the resources. Can the forest resources be experimented with the modern technologies?

OVERVIEW OF WORLDWIDE DEFORESTATION:

Everyday more than thousands of trees are cut down all over the world to use the timber as a major source of fuel, building material and paper products. Urbanization has forced man to acquire huge forest areas. As population grows, the need for agricultural land has also increased over the years. Deforestation has such a large number of detrimental environmental effects. One of the most severe consequences of this is the natural surroundings loss of numerous creature species.

Thus, deforestation can alter the earth’s biodiversity making a lot of rare species even more extinct. Deforestation also plays a major role in global warming and it is also responsible to the contribution of up to 20% of the total greenhouse gases emitted. Trees play a major role in absorbing most of the greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. As lots of trees are cut down, the concentration of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increases thus increasing the temperature of the earth. Another immediate impact of deforestation is expanded soil disintegration. This can also lead to unnatural floods and droughts. Clearing forests can disrupt the normal water flow thus causing abnormal floods and droughts. Plants consume water through roots, discharges into the air that creates mists and downpour.

STATISTIC:

As population grows so does the rise and demand of more forests to be cut down and this leads to deforestation. This is a breakdown of land area per sq. km 2002/2008.

SOLUTION TO DEFORESTATION:

1. Reforestation: Because of public education, new technology and innovation has occurred in most parts of the world that implements reforestation and it very well may be found in nations across Asia.

2. Legislation: Due to new laws and regulations it can be seen that new trees have been planted and old trees are not allowed to be cut down. If this continues there might be a chance to stop deforestation and reverse the whole process completely.

3. Wildlife Sanctuaries: Sanctuaries are very important, not only to save wildlife, but to save trees as well. Sanctuaries go a long way in protecting all wildlife.

4. Cities: All cities should be managed properly. The new projects need to be controlled and planned accordingly and new trees should be planted in the process.

5. Commercial Forest Plantation: There should be a special forest plantations for all the wood that is required by the industries. In this manner the wood can be cut in a controlled and regulated environment.

6. Water Management: Improper water management affects deforestation in a big way. If the wildlife does not have water, then the entire ecosystem will be damaged. The construction of new dams should be planned properly, and area receives abundance of water.

The government must be blamed for the destruction of the forests due to:

1. Their flexibility in allocating the forest land to corporates under political pressure.

2. The distribution of lands to tribal people, on which agriculture cannot be done due to soil variety. This causes the allotted land to be wasted as the cleared land for agriculture can no longer be used for the purpose intended nor can they be used as forest cover as earlier.

OTHER REASONS OF DEFORESTATION:

1. One of the major reasons for the destruction of the forests are the building of dam’s reservoirs. These projects, albeit, intended for the benefit of the people, extends on the reverse side into trouble for the people. Displacement of the masses on one side, the projects cause large areas of virgin forests to be destroyed ruthlessly.

2. The other reason could be attributed to the lack of vigilance of the people who use the forest as camps. Their carelessness may cause forest fires which devours large areas of lush green forests.

UNIVERSAL SOLUTION TO DEFORESTATION:

Forests are an important natural resource for any country and deforestation retards a country’s development. Essential assets can only be accessed by “Afforestation” to fulfill the needs of the growing populace. Afforestation refers to the scheduled of planting trees for food and fodder development. Nurseries play a significant part in growing the cover of forests. As significant for what it is worth for a youngster to attain a nursery through her/his youthful age, so it is for plants to develop under appropriate consideration and security. This prepares them to withstand adverse situations during planting.

There is some hope. Projects with solar powered ovens reduce the need to cut the trees for fuel. Crops best suited for poorer soils is being introduced.

CONCLUSION:

Woodlands are very important for appropriate irrigation, medication, air newness, air contamination reduction, wood obtaining for some reasons and so on. It upsets all the procedures when we cut plants and impacts human lives. Instead of cutting plants to fulfill the need of paper, we should make the habit of recycling the old things as possible and avoid cutting of new plants. As existence without water is beyond the realm of imagination, similarly existence without plants and trees is likewise unrealistic as it is the wellspring of sunlight, natural air, creature environment, shadows, wood and so on.

Latest Current Affairs 15 and 16 MAY 2020

CURRENT AFFAIRS
15 MAY 2020

BY:GAZAL BHATNAGAR, VIDHYARTHI DARPAN

NATIONAL AFFAIRS:

1) MHRD propelled SAMARTH, the e-administration portal:

MHRD ने ई-गवर्नेंस प्लेटफॉर्म SAMARTH लॉन्च किया:

Division of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development built up an e-Governance framework, SAMARTH Enterprises Resource Planning , under the National Mission of Information Technology Education and Communication Scheme with the objective of providing students quality instruction over all colleges and institutions of higher education.

उच्च शिक्षा विभाग, मानव संसाधन विकास मंत्रालय ने सूचना और संचार प्रौद्योगिकी योजना में राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा मिशन के तहत एक ई-गवर्नेंस प्लेटफॉर्म, SAMARTH उद्यम संसाधन योजना विकसित की है। ई-गवर्नेंस प्लेटफॉर्म SAMARTH का उद्देश्य सभी विश्वविद्यालयों और उच्च शिक्षा संस्थानों में छात्रों को गुणवत्तापूर्ण शिक्षा प्रदान करना है।

2) Harsh Vardhan partook in the 32nd gathering of the Commonwealth Ministers of Health:

हर्षवर्धन ने 32 वें राष्ट्रमंडल स्वास्थ्य मंत्रियों की बैठक में भाग लिया:

Dr. Harsh Vardhan, Minister of Health and Family Welfare of the Union, partook in the 32nd Commonwealth Health Ministers’ Meeting on 14 May, by means of a video gathering, which featured the convenient, reviewed and constructive steps taken by the Indian Government towards COVID-19 administration.

केंद्रीय स्वास्थ्य और परिवार कल्याण मंत्री डॉ। हर्षवर्धन ने 14 मई को वीडियो कॉन्फ्रेंस के माध्यम से 32 वें राष्ट्रमंडल स्वास्थ्य मंत्रियों की बैठक में भाग लिया। बैठक के दौरान भारत सरकार द्वारा COVID-19 प्रबंधन के लिए समयबद्ध, वर्गीकृत और सक्रिय कदम उठाए गए।

3) EAM Jaishankar partook in the COVID-19 meeting through video conference of the SCO Foreign Ministers:

EAM जयशंकर ने COVID-19 पर SCO विदेश मंत्रियों के वीडियो सम्मेलन में भाग लिया:

On 13 May 2020, Foreign Minister S Jaishankar attended a virtual Foreign Ministers Conference facilitated by Russia from member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to talk about the current COVID-19 circumstance and demanded joint activity against terrorism and security challenges.

13 मई 2020 को, विदेश मंत्री एस जयशंकर ने शंघाई सहयोग संगठन के सदस्य राज्यों से रूस द्वारा आयोजित विदेशी मंत्रियों के एक आभासी सम्मेलन में भाग लिया, जो कि वर्तमान COVID-19 स्थिति पर चर्चा करने के लिए और आतंकवाद और सुरक्षा चुनौतियों के खिलाफ सामूहिक कार्रवाई पर जोर दिया।

4) To encourage the export of rice, the Center establishes “Rice Export Promotion Forum”:

चावल निर्यात को बढ़ावा देने के लिए केंद्र ने “चावल निर्यात संवर्धन मंच” की स्थापना की:

On 12 May 2020, the Center formed another Rice Export Promotion Forum under the aegis of the Agricultural and Processed Foods Export Development Authority to offer catalyst to rice exports.

12 मई 2020 को, केंद्र ने कृषि और प्रसंस्कृत खाद्य पदार्थ निर्यात संवर्धन विकास प्राधिकरण के तत्वावधान में चावल के निर्यात को प्रोत्साहन देने के लिए एक नया निकाय राइस एक्सपोर्ट प्रमोशन फोरम की स्थापना की।

WORLD AFFAIRS:

1) WTO Chief Roberto Azevedo is expected to leave a year before the end of his tenure:

विश्व व्यापार संगठन के प्रमुख रॉबर्टो अज़ेवेदो अपने कार्यकाल की समाप्ति से एक साल पहले इस्तीफा दे देंगे:

Roberto Azevedo, head of the World Trade Organization, pronounced his renunciation a year prior to his term closes where he will step down on August 31 , 2020 as he is removing a seven-year tenure set apart by extreme scrutiny from US President Donald Trump in recent years.

विश्व व्यापार संगठन के प्रमुख रॉबर्टो अज़ेवेदो ने अपने कार्यकाल की समाप्ति से एक साल पहले अपने इस्तीफे की घोषणा की है। वह 31 अगस्त 2020 को पद छोड़ देंगे। वह अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प के गहन दबाव से हाल के वर्षों में चिह्नित सात साल के कार्यकाल को कम कर रहे हैं।

2) According to the UNWTO report, in 2020, foreign tourism will decline by 60-80%:

UNWTO की रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, 2020 में, विदेशी पर्यटन में 60-80% की गिरावट आएगी:

On May 11, 2020 International travel industry could decay by 60-80 percent in 2020 contrasted with 2019 assessments, as per the most recent information from the United Nations World Tourism Organization. It is because of COVID-19 pandemic episode that will bring about misfortunes of USD 910 billion to USD 1.2 trillion and puts a large number of occupations in danger and takes steps to block the advancement made in propelling the Sustainable Development Goals.

11 मई, 2020 को संयुक्त राष्ट्र विश्व पर्यटन संगठन के नवीनतम आंकड़ों के अनुसार, COVID-19 महामारी के प्रकोप के कारण, 2019 के आंकड़ों की तुलना में 2020 में अंतर्राष्ट्रीय पर्यटन में 60-80% तक की गिरावट आ सकती है। जिसके परिणामस्वरूप 1.2 बिलियन अमरीकी डालर से 910 बिलियन अमरीकी डालर का नुकसान होगा और लाखों आजीविका को जोखिम में डाल देगा और सतत विकास लक्ष्यों को आगे बढ़ाने में हुई प्रगति को खतरे में डाल देगा।

3) Woodland loss rate diminished internationally from 2015 until 2020, as per FRA 2020:

एफआरए 2020 के अनुसार, विश्व स्तर पर वन हानि दर 2015 से 2020 तक घट गई:

On May 13, 2020 As per the UN Food and Agriculture Organization’s Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, the pace of backwoods depletion in 2015-2020 has decreased from 12 mha in 2010-2015 to an expected 10 million hectares (mha).

13 मई, 2020 को संयुक्त राष्ट्र के खाद्य और कृषि संगठन द्वारा जारी वैश्विक वन संसाधन आकलन 2020 के अनुसार, 2015-2020 में वन हानि दर 2010-2015 में 12 mha से घटकर अनुमानित 10 मिलियन हेक्टेयर (mha) हो गई है।

CURRENT AFFAIRS
16 MAY 2020

BY:GAZAL BHATNAGAR, VIDHYARTHI DARPAN

NATIONAL AFFAIRS:

1) Rajnath Singh assigns two interceptor boats for the Indian Coast Guard ship ‘Sachet’:

राजनाथ सिंह ने भारतीय तटरक्षक जहाज “Sachet”, दो इंटरसेप्टर नौकाओं को चालू किया:

On May 15, Defense Minister Rajnath Singh charged Indian Coast Guard Ship sachet and two C-451 and (IBs) C-450 interceptor boats in Goa where the occasion was held in Delhi via video conference. An ICG spokesman told that the ship ‘Sachet’ was first in the five seaward patrol vessels arrangement and was planned and constructed by Goa Shipyard (Ltd) as the ship is equipped with communications hardware, navigation, sensors, and apparatus.

रक्षा मंत्री राजनाथ सिंह ने 15 मई को गोवा में भारतीय तटरक्षक जहाज (ICGS) के थलचर और दो इंटरसेप्टर नौकाओं C-451 और (IB) C-450 का संचालन किया। यह आयोजन दिल्ली से वीडियो कॉन्फ्रेंसिंग के जरिए हुआ। आईसीजी के एक प्रवक्ता ने बताया कि जहाज “sachet” पहले पांच अपतटीय गश्ती जहाजों की श्रृंखला में रहा है और इसे गोवा शिपयार्ड (लिमिटेड) द्वारा स्वदेशी रूप से डिजाइन और निर्मित किया गया है। जहाज संचार उपकरण, नेविगेशन, सेंसर और मशीनरी से सुसज्जित है।

2) NIPER-Guwahati created revolutionary 3D items that contain spread of COVID-19:

NIPER- गुवाहाटी ने COVID 19 प्रसार को रोकने के लिए अभिनव 3D उत्पादों का विकास किया:

National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati has created two items, 3D-printed hands-free object, and 3D-printed face-shield antimicrobial to help counter the COVID-19 pandemic flare-up. The gadgets are relied upon to assume a key role in forestalling corona infection transmission starting with one individual then onto the next through exposed hand connections or a wellspring of tainted surface.

नेशनल इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ फार्मास्यूटिकल एजुकेशन एंड रिसर्च-गुवाहाटी (NIPER-G) ने COVID-19 महामारी के प्रकोप के खिलाफ लड़ाई में मदद करने के लिए दो उत्पादों, 3D- प्रिंटेड हैंड्स-फ्री ऑब्जेक्ट एंड 3D-प्रिंट एंटीमाइक्रोबियल फेस-शील्ड का विकास किया है। उपकरणों से नंगे हाथ संपर्कों या दूषित सतह स्रोत के माध्यम से एक व्यक्ति से दूसरे व्यक्ति में कोरोनवायरस के संचरण को शामिल करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाने की उम्मीद है।

3) Arjun Munda launches ‘GOAL’ to provide tribal youth with digital skills:

अर्जुन मुंडा ने आदिवासी युवाओं के डिजिटल स्किलिंग के लिए “GOAL ’लॉन्च किया:

The ‘GOAL’ – Going Online As Leaders of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs(MoTA) was propelled on 15 May 2020 by Union Minister for Tribal Affairs Shri Arjun Munda in a joint effort with Facebook at a webinar in New Delhi intended to give computerized style tutoring to tribal youth.

15 मई 2020 को, केंद्रीय जनजातीय मामलों के मंत्री श्री अर्जुन मुंडा ने नई दिल्ली में एक वेबिनार में फेसबुक के साथ साझेदारी में जनजातीय मामलों के मंत्रालय (MoTA) के ऑनलाइन लीडर के रूप में ’GOAL’ का शुभारंभ किया। GOAL को आदिवासी युवाओं को डिजिटल मोड के साथ मेंटरशिप प्रदान करने के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है।

4) Delhi Police receives India’s first Thermal Corona Battle Headgear to improve physical distance:

दिल्ली पुलिस ने शारीरिक दूरी सुधारने के लिए भारत का पहला ‘थर्मल कोरोना कॉम्बैट हेडगियर’ प्राप्त किया:

Delhi Police unveiled India’s first ‘Thermal Corona Protection Headgear’ on May 13, 2020 to guarantee the health of forefront warriors and introduce social distancing as the project was introduced by Delhi Police in partnership with Indian Robotics Solution that lets police work force sense the temperature of countless individuals from 10-15 meters away.

13 मई, 2020 को, दिल्ली पुलिस ने फ्रंटलाइन वारियर्स की सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित करने और भौतिक दूरी को लागू करने के लिए भारत का पहला ‘थर्मल कोरोना कॉम्बैट हेडगियर’ लॉन्च किया। भारतीय रोबोटिक्स समाधान के सहयोग से दिल्ली पुलिस द्वारा पहल शुरू की गई है। यह उपकरण पुलिस कर्मियों को 10-15 मीटर की दूरी से बड़ी संख्या में लोगों के तापमान का पता लगाने में मदद करता है।

WORLD AFFAIRS:

1) Israel calls Rabindranath Tagore’s road in Tel Aviv on his 159th birthday celebration:

रवींद्रनाथ टैगोर की 159 वीं जयंती पर इजरायल ने तेल अवीव शहर में एक सड़क का नाम रखा:

On 7 May 2020, Israel named a road in Tel Aviv on its 159th birthday celebration after Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore in recognition of his significant commitments in the field and to humanity.

7 मई 2020 को, इज़राइल ने तेल अवीव में एक सड़क का नाम भारतीय कवि रवींद्रनाथ टैगोर के नाम पर रख दिया, जिनकी 159 वीं जयंती पर इस क्षेत्र में उनके बहुमूल्य योगदान और मानव जाति के लिए सम्मान किया गया।

SPORTS AFFAIRS:

1) China attains first release of FIDE Chess.com online Nations cup 2020:

चीन ने FIDE Chess.com ऑनलाइन राष्ट्र कप 2020 का पहला संस्करण जीता:

China won the first version of the FIDE ‘Chess.com’ online Nations Cup 2020 chess competition held from 5-10 May 2020 where the Chinese group that won the $48,000 prize cash turned into the conqueror by scoring the most points in the league stage while playing a 2-2 draw against the USA in the last.

चीन ने FIDE Chess.com के ऑनलाइन संस्करण को जीता है। ऑनलाइन राष्ट्र कप 2020 शतरंज टूर्नामेंट 5-10 मई 2020 से, chess.com प्लेटफॉर्म के माध्यम से हुआ है। चीन की टीम, जिसने $ 48,000 की पुरस्कार राशि जीती, फाइनल में अमेरिका (संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका) के खिलाफ 2-2 से ड्रा खेलने के बावजूद लीग चरण में सबसे अधिक अंक हासिल करने के आधार पर चैंपियन बन गई।

Latest Current Affairs 13 and 14 MAY 2020

CURRENT AFFAIRS
13 MAY 2020

BY:GAZAL BHATNAGAR, VIDHYARTHI DARPAN

NATIONAL AFFAIRS:

1) Anunta has received the Year Award for Regional Partner of VMware 2020:

अनुनाता ने वीएमवेयर 2020 रीजनल पार्टनर ऑफ द ईयर अवार्ड जीता:

Anunta was given the Services Excellence classification’s VMware 2020 Regional Partner of the Year Award where she was honored for her self evident accomplishments leveraging her expertise and administrations abilities, including counseling, managing, and membership administrations, to assist clients optimize the estimation of their VMware speculations.

अनुनाता को सेवा उत्कृष्टता श्रेणी के लिए वीएमवेयर 2020 रीजनल पार्टनर ऑफ द ईयर अवार्ड मिला। ग्राहकों को उनके VMware निवेश से प्राप्त मूल्य को अधिकतम करने में मदद करने के लिए परामर्श, प्रबंधित और सदस्यता सेवाओं सहित अपने कौशल और सेवाओं की क्षमताओं का उपयोग करते हुए, अनुनाता को अपने प्रदर्शनकारी उपलब्धियों के लिए पहचाना गया था।

2) NDB is giving India USD 1 billion loans to counter the COVID-19 pandemic:

NDB ने COVID-19 महामारी से लड़ने के लिए भारत को USD 1 बिलियन का ऋण प्रदान किया:

The BRICS nations’ Shanghai-based New Development Bank (Brazil, Russia , India , China, South Africa) has completely dispensed $1 billion in crisis aid loans to India to help contain COVID-19 spread and the human, social , and financial misfortunes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic.

ब्रिक्स के शंघाई स्थित न्यू डेवलपमेंट बैंक (ब्राजील, रूस, भारत, चीन, दक्षिण अफ्रीका) देशों ने भारत को COVID19 के प्रसार को रोकने में मदद करने के लिए पूरी तरह से $ 1 बिलियन की आपातकालीन सहायता ऋण दिया है और महामारी के कारण होने वाले मानवीय, सामाजिक और आर्थिक नुकसान को कम करना।

3) Macpower unveils an indigenous seam sealing system with hot air for PPE packages:

पीपीई किट्स के लिए मैकपावर ने स्वदेशी हॉट एयर सीम सीलिंग मशीन का अनावरण किया:

Macpower situated in Gujarat divulged indigenous hot air seam fixing machines for PPE units which is the primary indigenous hot air seam fixing machine in India that can be utilized to make PPE packs at a large portion of the cost of the imported ones.

गुजरात स्थित मैकपावर ने पीपीई किट के लिए स्वदेशी हॉट एयर सीम सीलिंग मशीनों का अनावरण किया। यह भारत की पहली स्वदेशी हॉट एयर सीम सीलिंग मशीन है। इसका उपयोग आयातित वस्तुओं की आधी कीमत पर पीपीई किट बनाने के लिए किया जा सकता है।

4) The Indian Government is extending the lockdown with the Rs.20 lakh crores monetary package:

भारत सरकार ने 20 लाख करोड़ रुपये के आर्थिक पैकेज के साथ लॉकडाउन बढ़ाया:

India’s legislature unveiled a Rs.20 lakh crore stimulus package equivalent to approximately 10 percent of India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which means to make the nation independent and revive the stagnant economy. Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan or Plan Information will be announced by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman as the declaration comes after India’s legislature broadened the lockdown from May 18 (Lockdown 4.0).

भारत सरकार ने रु .20 लाख के प्रोत्साहन पैकेज की घोषणा की, जो भारत के सकल घरेलू उत्पाद (जीडीपी) के लगभग 10% के बराबर है। इसका उद्देश्य देश को आत्मनिर्भर बनाना और रुकी हुई अर्थव्यवस्था को पुनर्जीवित करना था। वित्त मंत्री निर्मला सीतारमण द्वारा योजना के विवरण के लिए आत्मनिर्भर भारत अभियान या विवरण का अनावरण किया जाएगा। यह घोषणा 18 मई (लॉकडाउन 4.0) से लॉकडाउन को बढ़ाए जाने के बाद हुई है।

5) Study reports that the death rate for Indians under 5 has fallen by 49 percent since 2000:

अध्ययन में कहा गया है कि 2000 के बाद से 5 वर्ष से कम आयु के भारतीयों में 49 प्रतिशत की गिरावट आई है:

Two Indian research papers on youngster survival by the State-Level Disease Burden Initiative reported that India’s under-5 death rate has dropped by 49 percent since 2000 as there is likewise a six-fold difference in the rate among states and a 11fold difference between various areas.

राज्य-स्तरीय रोग बर्डन पहल द्वारा बाल अस्तित्व पर भारत के दो वैज्ञानिक पत्रों ने कहा कि भारत में 2000 के बाद से मृत्यु दर में 49% की गिरावट आई है। इसके अलावा, राज्यों के बीच दर में छह गुना भिन्नता है और विभिन्न जिलों के बीच 11 गुना भिन्नता है।

6) Minister of Tribal Affairs held a video meeting on Tribal jobs and protection:

जनजातीय मामलों के मंत्री ने जनजातीय आजीविका और सुरक्षा पर वीडियो कॉन्फ्रेंस की:

Union Minister of Tribal Affairs Arjun Munda held a video meeting on Tribal Living and Protection with States/UTs in New Delhi on 13 May, attended by CM’s, vice chief ministers, tribal ministers, and state forest ministers from in excess of 20 states/UTs alongside senior government authorities.

जनजातीय मामलों के केंद्रीय मंत्री अर्जुन मुंडा ने 13 मई को नई दिल्ली में राज्यों / केंद्रशासित प्रदेशों के साथ “आदिवासी आजीविका और सुरक्षा” पर एक वीडियो सम्मेलन आयोजित किया। इस सम्मेलन में मुख्यमंत्रियों, उप मुख्यमंत्रियों, जनजातीय मामलों के राज्य मंत्रियों और 20 से अधिक राज्यों / केंद्रशासित प्रदेशों के वन मंत्रियों के साथ राज्य मंत्रियों ने भाग लिया।

7) Under the crusade Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat, IIT-Guwahati has arranged out a Poster Making Competition:

धर्मयुद्ध भारत श्रेष्ठ भारत के तहत, आईआईटी-गुवाहाटी ने पोस्टर मेकिंग प्रतियोगिता की व्यवस्था की है

Recently, the Indian Institute of Information Technology Guwahati organized a Poster Making Competition under the Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat Campaign where the Ministry for Human Resource Development is the nodal service for the crusade run with numerous different ministries and states of partners.

हाल ही में, भारतीय सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान गुवाहाटी ने एक भारत श्रेष्ठ भारत अभियान के तहत एक पोस्टर मेकिंग प्रतियोगिता का आयोजन किया, जहाँ मानव संसाधन विकास मंत्रालय कई अलग-अलग मंत्रालयों और भागीदारों के राज्यों के साथ चलने वाले धर्मयुद्ध के लिए नोडल सेवा है।

SPORTS AFFAIRS:

1) FIFA U-17 Womens World Cup to launch in India in February 2021:

फीफा अंडर -17 महिला विश्व कप भारत में 2021 फरवरी से शुरू होगा:

The FIFA U-17 Women’s World Cup was rescheduled between February 17 and March 7, 2021, where the suggestions were made by the FIFA-Confederations Working Group COVID-19, the FIFA Council Bureau.

फीफा अंडर -17 महिला विश्व कप को 17 फरवरी और 7 मार्च 2021 के बीच पुनर्निर्धारित किया गया है। यह सिफारिशें फीफा-कन्फेडरेशंस सीओवीआईडी -19 वर्किंग ग्रुप, ब्यूरो ऑफ द फीफा काउंसिल द्वारा की गई थीं।

CURRENT AFFAIRS
14 MAY 2020

BY:GAZAL BHATNAGAR, VIDHYARTHI DARPAN

NATIONAL AFFAIRS:

1) KVIC issues reexamined recommendations on Vocal for Local program implementation:

KVIC ने स्थानीय पहल के लिए स्वर को लागू करने के लिए संशोधित दिशानिर्देश जारी किए:

The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) has released updated rules to accelerate the usage of tasks under the lead program Prime Minister ‘s Employment Generation Program (PMEGP) to handhold local development as the change comes after the “vocal for local” request from Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

खादी और ग्रामोद्योग आयोग (केवीआईसी) ने प्रमुख उत्पादन प्रधान मंत्री रोजगार सृजन कार्यक्रम (पीएमईजीपी) के तहत स्थानीय उत्पादन को हाथ से पकड़ने के लिए परियोजनाओं के कार्यान्वयन में तेजी लाने के लिए संशोधित दिशानिर्देश जारी किए। यह कदम प्रधान मंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी की “स्थानीय के लिए मुखर” अपील के बाद आया है।

2) Bhagalpur Smart City utilizes inventive innovative steps to counter the COVID-19 pandemic:

भागलपुर स्मार्ट सिटी ने COVID-19 महामारी से लड़ने के लिए नवीन तकनीकी पहलों का उपयोग किया:

Bhagalpur Smart City Limited (BSCLs) has found a way to counter COVID-19 through different activities in which the utilization of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and awareness raising innovation has been the foundation of BSCL support to the city in the battle against COVID-19.

भागलपुर स्मार्ट सिटी लिमिटेड (BSCL) ने विभिन्न पहलों का उपयोग करके COVID-19 का मुकाबला करने के लिए कई उपाय किए हैं। अंतर्राष्ट्रीय इलेक्ट्रोटेक्निकल कमीशन (IEC) का उपयोग और मार्गदर्शन और प्रसार के लिए प्रौद्योगिकी BSCLs-COVID-19 के खिलाफ लड़ाई में शहर के समर्थन के लिए आधारशिला रही है।

3) Finance minister proposed steps relating with business help and credit support:

वित्त मंत्री ने व्यवसायों से संबंधित राहत और ऋण सहायता के उपायों की घोषणा की:

On 13 May 2020, Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared a Special Economic and Comprehensive Package of Rs.20 lakh crores equivalent to 10 percent of India’s GDP for corporate-related help and credit support, particularly Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises to help the battle against the COVID-19 pandemic by the Indian economy.

प्रधान मंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने 13 मई 2020 को 20 लाख रुपये के विशेष आर्थिक और व्यापक पैकेज की घोषणा की, जो भारत के जीडीपी के 10% के बराबर है। यह कोरोना महामारी के खिलाफ भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था की लड़ाई का समर्थन करने के लिए विशेष रूप से सूक्ष्म, लघु और मध्यम उद्यमों के व्यवसायों से संबंधित राहत और ऋण सहायता के लिए प्रदान किया जाता है।

4) Narendra Singh Tomar held meetings with members from the pesticide fabricating industry to stop grasshopper assaults:

नरेंद्र सिंह तोमर ने टिड्डियों के हमलों को रोकने के लिए कीटनाशक विनिर्माण उद्योग के प्रतिनिधियों से मुलाकात की:

Union Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Minister Narendra Singh Tomar held a gathering with Pesticide Manufacturing Industry members via means of video conferencing to audit the system to avoid grasshopper assaults on agricultural fields.

केंद्रीय कृषि और किसान कल्याण मंत्री नरेंद्र सिंह तोमर ने कृषि क्षेत्रों पर टिड्डी हमलों को रोकने के लिए रणनीति की जांच करने के लिए वीडियो कॉन्फ्रेंसिंग के माध्यम से कीटनाशक विनिर्माण उद्योग के प्रतिनिधियों के साथ बैठक की।

5) Registration Committee suggests that TB medicate use be banned on crops:

पंजीकरण समिति ने फसलों पर टीबी दवा के उपयोग पर प्रतिबंध लगाने की सिफारिश की:

Under the Central Insecticides Board and Registration Committee (CIBRC), the Registration Committee (RC) has suggested that the utilization of Tuberculosis(TB) drugs for example, streptomycin and tetracycline be completely prohibited with prompt impact on crops where different choices for bacterial sickness control were accessible.

केंद्रीय कीटनाशक बोर्ड और पंजीकरण समिति (CIBRC) के तहत पंजीकरण समिति (RCIB) ने फसलों में तत्काल प्रभाव से स्ट्रेप्टोमाइसिन और टेट्रासाइक्लिन जैसे तपेदिक (टीबी) दवाओं के उपयोग की सिफारिश की है, जहां बैक्टीरिया रोग नियंत्रण के लिए अन्य विकल्प उपलब्ध थे।

WORLD AFFAIRS:

1) India ranks 74th in the Global Energy Transition Index 2020 according to the WEF:

WEF के वैश्विक ऊर्जा संक्रमण सूचकांक 2020 के अनुसार भारत 74 वें स्थान पर है:

As per the Global Energy Transition Index (ETI) 2020 of the World Economic Forum (WEF), India positioned 74th with a score of 51.5%, while Sweden (74.2%) positioned 1st, followed by Switzerland (73.4%) and Finland (72.4%).

विश्व आर्थिक मंच (WEF) के वैश्विक ऊर्जा संक्रमण सूचकांक (ETI) 2020 के अनुसार, भारत 51.5% के स्कोर के साथ 74 वें स्थान पर है जबकि स्वीडन (74.2%) पहले स्थान पर है, उसके बाद स्विट्जरलैंड (73.4%) और फिनलैंड (72.4) %) ।

2) College of Canterbury scientists found new one in a million Super-Earth:

कैंटरबरी विश्वविद्यालय के खगोलविदों ने सुपर-अर्थ नामक एक मिलियन में नए ग्रह की खोज की:

Group of space experts at the University of Canterbury New Zealand drove by Dr. Antonio Herrera Martin and Associate Professor Michael Albrow found another rare Super-Earth planet toward the center of the system, one of the planets like the size and orbit of the Earth.

डॉ। एंटोनियो हेरेरा मार्टिन और एसोसिएट प्रोफेसर माइकल एल्ब्रो के नेतृत्व में कैंटरबरी, न्यूजीलैंड विश्वविद्यालय में खगोलविदों की टीम ने आकाशगंगा के केंद्र की ओर एक नया दुर्लभ नया सुपर-अर्थ ग्रह खोजा जो आकार और कक्षा के समान ग्रहों में से एक है पृथ्वी की तुलना में।

THE ART AND PLAN OF CROSS EXAMINATION

THE ART AND PLAN OF CROSS EXAMINATION

BY: GAZAL BHATNAGAR,VIDHYARTHI DARPAN

Q.) WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CROSS EXAMINATION? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

Ans) Cross examination is a technique that is implemented and practiced by prosecutors by the means of direct examination. It is used to enquire averse deponent in depositions and in civil and criminal trials.

Cross examination is a sharp art in which the probability of explanation of witness answers are low. Basically, used to impeach a witness in the following ways:

It reveals the witness character whether biased, prejudiced, lying or is an egotism.
Shows witness past behavior usually dismally or has been charged with a crime like deceit and lying.
Uncovers witness reputation when it comes to truth telling.

Cross examination is a type of interrogation by the opposing party of the witness that is called for testing. If a party calls a witness to provide testimony and statements in its favor, the party opposing the claim has the right to examine such a witness. Examination- in- chief occurs after cross examination which is the examination of the witness by the party being called. Both examination must relate to the relevant facts.

GOALS OF CROSS EXAMINATION:

Authenticates the evidence of the state’s witnesses.
Acquires genuine acknowledgement that are supportive to the state’s case.
Lessen the defense case by impeachment of the witness on the stand.
Minimize the defense case by impeachment of other defense witnesses through the witness on the stand.

THE TEN COMMANDMENTS WHILE CROSS EXAMINING:

Be brief.
Use short questions with plain words.
Ask only leading and suggestive questions.
Never ask a question to which you do not know the answer.
Listen to the answers given by the witness.
Do not quarrel with the witness.
Don’t let the evidence (witness) clarify.
Do not ask the witness to repeat the testimony he/she gave in-chief.
Avoid long questions.
Save the explanation for summation.

IMPORTANCE OF CROSS EXAMINATION:

Builds credibility.
Creates clarity.
Constructs cracks.
Used for confirming and evaluating the truth of a person’s testimony, to develop the testimony further and to achieve other objectives.
The aim of a cross examination is to investigate the evidence and try the reliability of a witness who has been called and given proof in-chief.
Cross examination is an effective tool which is devised for the ascertainment of truth, discredit and impeach the testimony of a witness, assist evidences that are favorable to the side of a cross examiner and provides independent proofs beneficial to the position of a cross examiner.

It is a very powerful mechanism which testifies the veracity of a witness and the accuracy or completeness of what he/she says. It is a form of intensive questioning with the expected answers hinted to in such questions itself.

The cross examination is also known as” ex-adverso”, used to expose the inaccuracies of the evidence of a particular witness.

Section 146 in the Indian Evidence Act 1872 says that a witness during cross examination, may, in addition to the questions herein before referred to, be asked any questions which tend

To test his veracity.
To find out who he is and what his place in life is.
Shaking his reputation by damaging his character whether the answer to these questions may tend to criminalize him directly or indirectly, or may expose him or tend to expose him to a fine or revocation, directly or indirectly.

Q.) GIVE A LIST OF DO’S AND DON’TS FOR AN EFFECTIVE CROSS EXAMINATION.

Ans) DO’S OF CROSS EXAMINATION:

1. Have a command on leading questions only-:

By doing so, the witness is permitted to answer only “yes” or “no”.

2. Restrictions on questions-:

Try to control the questions you ask. Use only simple and easy questions. Do not ask open ended questions, narrative generating questions, compound, and multipart questions.

3. Limit the level of flow-:

Conduct cross examination in an order and by subject matter. Always ask questions in a sequence that tells a story which is followed easily. Try to use descriptive words to highlight the significant points. Impeach the credibility of a witness before attacking the credibility of his/her testimony.

4. Restrain to the subject matter-:

Do not allow the witness to restate his straight testimony. Refuse to explore uncharted territory and use verbatim notes on the witness’s direct testimony.

5. Be polite and courteous-:

Create the impression of being friendly and fair. Do not be harsh and overbearing. This will make a pleasant courtroom atmosphere, appealing to jurors, and does not alienate them from your client.

6. Keep faith on questions that you ask-:

Have a good faith basis for questions that you ask, if challenged by your opponent and are unable to provide sufficient proof for your question.

7. Begin with major points-:

When the jury finishes listening to the direct examination then start their thought processes to be in your favor by using extensive details.

8. Wind-up the cross examination with favorable points-:

Leave strong impression and thoughts on jury while ending the case using major points.

9. Organize the case-:

If the case is well ordered, the jury will not only appreciate the lawyer but also move the case rapidly and back to work sooner.

10. Use of space in the courtroom-:

Try to maintain distance and position. It keeps the jury more alert and contributes to emphasis and effect.

DON’TS OF CROSS EXAMINATION:

1. Never argue with a witness-:

The examiner should not argue or quarrel with the witness. Overcome the situation by eliciting the answers you need or use skillful questioning for the responses.

2. Don’t answer the questions for an opposing witness-:

The examiner should never respond to the opposing party, as by doing so the control goes in the favor of the witness rather to the lawyer/examiner.

3. Never argue with the judge-:

Try to make strongest argument while being respectful towards the judge. Do not argue in front of the jury and audience as it will lead to a mortal sin against self-control. Be a loyal examiner during the case as much as you can.

4. Don’t persecute yourself by your opponent-:

The opposing counsel will try to bait you so that you may lost your control and make mistakes. Do not be tempted and baited (mostly used in depositions, courtrooms and even over phones). Stay confident and play your game without losing self-control and concentration at your client’s expense.

5. Don’t let the jury know and see that your case has been hurt by an answer-:

Never reform your demeanor, expression, and the pace of your cross examinations. If you do, you risk revealing that your case has been hurt and damaged. This time requires utmost self-control.

6. Don’t “KILL” a witness unless the jury wants him to be demolished-:

Never try to stab the bull. If the examiner plunges the sword into the body of the bull, the crowd might feel sorry for that bull.

7. Don’t cross examine if there is no impact-:

If no result, outcome, and impression appears by cross examining then announce that you have no questions. This itself will carry a big impact.

8. Don’t re-affirm points that hurt you-:

Avoid giving opportunity to the witness who has given direct testimony against you and to repeat that testimony.

9. Don’t rely on the judge to discipline the witness-:

Try to control the witness by your own. Do not call upon judge as it will lead to the weakness of courtroom. Judge should be used as a last resort.

10. Don’t be cocky and arrogant-:

Try to keep the tone in a respectful and truth-seeking manner. Ask as many killing questions as you can but do not let the jury to see you as a conceited examiner.

Latest Current Affairs 11 and 12 MAY 2020

CURRENT AFFAIRS
11 MAY 2020

BY:GAZAL BHATNAGAR, VIDHYARTHI DARPAN

NATIONAL AFFAIRS:

1) Maharashtra CM Uddhav Thackeray joining unopposed Maharashtra Legislative Council:

महाराष्ट्र विधान परिषद में प्रवेश करने के लिए महाराष्ट्र के सीएम उद्धव ठाकरे निर्विरोध।

Maharashtra CM Uddhav Thackeray is good to go to join the unopposed Maharashtra Legislative Council which was affirmed after the congress pronounced on May 10, 2020 that he would pull back one of his two candidates for the May 21 MLC elections.

महाराष्ट्र के मुख्यमंत्री उद्धव ठाकरे निर्विरोध महाराष्ट्र विधान परिषद में प्रवेश करने के लिए पूरी तरह तैयार हैं। 10 मई, 2020 को कांग्रेस द्वारा घोषित किए जाने के बाद यह पुष्टि की गई थी कि वह 21 मई के MLC चुनावों के लिए अपने दो उम्मीदवारों में से एक को वापस ले लेगी।

2) Indian Railways to continue operation for traveler trains from 12 May:

भारतीय रेलवे 12 मई से पैसेंजर ट्रेन सेवाओं को फिर से शुरू करेगी:

Almost after two months , Railways is relied upon to continue traveler train administrations from 12 May 2020 (Tuesday) as with the declaration of a national lockdown in March, since 22 March, all traveler train services in the nation aside from merchandise trains have been banned from operations.

लगभग दो महीने बाद, रेलवे 12 मई 2020 – मंगलवार से यात्री ट्रेन सेवाओं को फिर से शुरू करने के लिए तैयार है। मार्च में राष्ट्रव्यापी तालाबंदी की घोषणा के साथ, देश में मालगाड़ियों पर रोक लगाने वाली सभी यात्री ट्रेन सेवाओं को 22 मार्च से परिचालन से रोक दिया गया है।

3) ICMR-NIV creates COVID KAVACH ELISA for COVID-19-disease antibody detection:

ICMR-NIV ने COVID -19 के लिए एंटीबॉडी का पता लगाने के लिए COVID KAVACH ELISA विकसित किया:

Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR)- National Virology Institute (NIV), Pune created and approved the indigenous IgG ELISA test ‘COVID KAVACH ELISA’ for COVID-19 antibody detection.

इंडियन काउंसिल ऑफ मेडिकल रिसर्च (ICMR) -नेशनल इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ वायरोलॉजी (NIV), पुणे ने COID-19 के लिए एंटीबॉडी का पता लगाने के लिए स्वदेशी IgG ELISA परीक्षण ‘COVID KAVACH ELISA’ को विकसित और मान्य किया है।

4) Dekho Apna Desh online series on Exploring River Nila was sorted out by the Tourism Ministry in seventeenth meeting:

पर्यटन मंत्रालय ने खोज नदी नदी पर डेखो अपना देश वेबिनार श्रृंखला के 17 वें सत्र का आयोजन किया:

On 9 April 2020, the Ministry of Tourism composed the seventeenth meeting of the Dekho Apna Desh online class called ‘Exploring River Nila’ on exhibiting important travel encounters for explorers provided by moderately unvisited locations.

पर्यटन मंत्रालय ने 9 अप्रैल 2020 को देखो अपना देश वेबिनार का 17 वां सत्र आयोजित किया था। वेबिनार का शीर्षक ‘एक्सप्लोरिंग नदी निला’ था, जो उन यात्रियों के लिए सार्थक यात्रा के अनुभवों को प्रदर्शित करने के बारे में था, जो अपेक्षाकृत अनजान स्थानों द्वारा पेश किए जाते हैं।

5) The Defence Ministry accepts the removal of 9,304 military engineering posts:

रक्षा मंत्रालय ने सैन्य इंजीनियरिंग सेवा में 9,304 पदों को समाप्त करने को मंजूरी दी:

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh endorsed the abrogation of 9,304 positions in the Military Engineering Services (MES) Engineering with a view to optimizing in excess of 9,300 positions in the essential and modern workforce, as recommended by the Committee of Experts led by Lieutenant General Shekatkar.

रक्षा मंत्री राजनाथ सिंह ने मिलिट्री इंजीनियरिंग सर्विसेज (एमईएस) के इंजीनियर-इन-चीफ के 9,304 पदों को समाप्त करने की मंजूरी दी। लेफ्टिनेंट जनरल शेखतकर की अध्यक्षता में विशेषज्ञों की समिति की सिफारिशों के अनुसार इस कदम का उद्देश्य मूल और औद्योगिक कार्यबल में 9,300 से अधिक पदों का अनुकूलन करना था।

6) The National Day of Technology is celebrated on May 11:

राष्ट्रीय प्रौद्योगिकी दिवस 11 मई को मनाया जाता है:

National Technology Day is celebrated on 11 May, highlighting the significance of science in everyday existence, and encouraging youngsters to enter the field for their vocation alternatives.

राष्ट्रीय प्रौद्योगिकी दिवस 11 मई को मनाया जाता है जो दैनिक जीवन में विज्ञान के महत्व पर प्रकाश डालता है और युवाओं को अपने करियर विकल्पों के लिए क्षेत्र में आने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करता है।

7) DBT-BIRAC is authorizing support for 70 Vaccine and Test research plans:

डीबीटी-बीआईआरएसी ने टीके, डायग्नोस्टिक्स में धन के लिए 70 प्रस्तावों के लिए वित्त पोषण को मंजूरी दी:

The Council of the Department of Biotechnology and Biotechnology Research Assistance had welcomed applications for the COVID-19 Research Consortium to desperately create sheltered and efficient Biomedical methodologies against SARS CoV-2 with the goal of providing a quickened technique to immunization creation.

जैव प्रौद्योगिकी और जैव प्रौद्योगिकी उद्योग अनुसंधान सहायता परिषद विभाग ने SARS CoV-2 के खिलाफ सुरक्षित और प्रभावी बायोमेडिकल समाधान विकसित करने के लिए COVID-19 अनुसंधान कंसोर्टियम के लिए आवेदन आमंत्रित किया था जिसका उद्देश्य टीका विकास के लिए एक त्वरक दृष्टिकोण प्रदान करना है।

8) RCI structured DRUVS, an integrated UV framework for the disinfection of electronic devices:

आरसीआई ने इलेक्ट्रॉनिक गैजेट्स को सैनिटाइज करने के लिए स्वचालित यूवी सिस्टम DRUVS विकसित किया:

Hyderabad Research Center Imarat (RCI), the leading lab of the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), created Defence Research Ultraviolet Sanitizer (DRUVS), a robotized Ultraviolet C(UVC) contactless sanitation bureau.

हैदराबाद स्थित रिसर्च सेंटर इमरत (आरसीआई), रक्षा अनुसंधान और विकास संगठन (डीआरडीओ) प्रीमियर लैब, ने एक स्वचालित संपर्क रहित पराबैंगनी सी (यूवीसी) सेनिटेशन कैबिनेट में डिफेंस रिसर्च अल्ट्रावियोलेट सेनेटाइज़र (डीआरयूवीएस) विकसित किया है।

9) In the midst of the COVID-19 crisis, the Center initiated Mission Sagar to assist Indian Ocean nations:

COVID-19 संकट के बीच हिंद महासागर राष्ट्रों को सहायता के लिए केंद्र ने मिशन सागर का शुभारंभ किया:

On 10 May, the Government of India propelled “Project Sagar,” which expects to give help to the Indian Ocean districts amidst the coronavirus emergency where the mission is progressing in association with the Defence and the external Affairs ministry.

भारत सरकार ने 10 मई को “मिशन सागर” लॉन्च किया। इसका उद्देश्य कोरोनोवायरस संकट के बीच हिंद महासागर क्षेत्र के राष्ट्रों को सहायता प्रदान करना है। ऑपरेशन को रक्षा मंत्रालय (MoD) और विदेश मंत्रालय (MEA) के समन्वय में आगे बढ़ाया जा रहा है।

CURRENT AFFAIRS
12 MAY 2020

BY:GAZAL BHATNAGAR, VIDHYARTHI DARPAN

NATIONAL AFFAIRS:

1) Ministry of Health administering Sero Survey in chosen areas:

स्वास्थ्य मंत्रालय चयनित जिलों में सेरो सर्वे करेगा:

On May 11, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare consented to direct a populace based Sero survey in the chosen regions aiming to track the pattern in COVID-19 disease pervasiveness. According to the ministry, the Indian Medical Research Council (ICMR) and the National Center for Disease Control (NCDC) will lead a sero study in the chosen regions where RT-PCR samples will be obtained for the surveying throat and nasal swabs and this observation will be notwithstanding standard testing according to the current test rules.

स्वास्थ्य और परिवार कल्याण मंत्रालय ने 11 मई को चयनित जिलों में जनसंख्या आधारित सीरो सर्वेक्षण करने का निर्णय लिया है। इसका उद्देश्य COVID-19 संक्रमण के प्रसार की प्रवृत्ति की निगरानी करना है। मंत्रालय के अनुसार, भारतीय आयुर्विज्ञान अनुसंधान परिषद (ICMR) और नेशनल सेंटर फॉर डिसीज़ कंट्रोल (NCDC) चयनित जिलों में एक सेरो सर्वेक्षण करेंगे। सर्वेक्षण के लिए गले और नाक के स्वाब आरटी-पीसीआर परीक्षणों के लिए एकत्र किए जाएंगे और यह निगरानी वर्तमान परीक्षण दिशानिर्देशों के अनुसार नियमित परीक्षण के अलावा होगी।

2) Center grants Rs.6,195 crore fund to 14 states to counter pandemic COVID-19:

COVID-19 महामारी से लड़ने के लिए 14 राज्यों को केंद्र ने Rs.6,195 करोड़ का फंड जारी किया:

As the second compared regularly scheduled payment of the Post Devolution Revenue Deficit Grant on May 11, the administration released Rs.6,195.08 crore to 14 states that intends to give extra assets during the COVID-19 emergency.

सरकार ने 11 मई को पोस्ट डिवलपमेंट रेवेन्यू डेफिसिट ग्रांट की दूसरी समान मासिक किस्त के रूप में 14 राज्यों को 6195.08 करोड़ रुपये जारी किए। सरकार के इस कदम का उद्देश्य COVID-19 संकट के दौरान अतिरिक्त संसाधन उपलब्ध कराना है।

3) National Aerospace Laboratory creates SwasthVayu BiPAP Non-Invasive Ventilator for coronavirus within 36 days:

कोरोनोवायरस के लिए राष्ट्रीय एयरोस्पेस प्रयोगशाला ने 36 दिनों में BiPAP गैर-इनवेसिव वेंटीलेटर स्वथ वायु को विकसित किया:

CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories Bangalore created SwasthVayu, a Non-Invasive Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure Ventilator to treat COVID-19 patients within a record period of 36 days.

सीएसआईआर-नेशनल एयरोस्पेस लेबोरेटरीज बैंगलोर ने COVID-19 रोगियों के इलाज के लिए 36 दिनों के रिकॉर्ड समय में एक गैर-इनवेसिव बाइलवेल पॉजिटिव एयरवे प्रेशर (BiPAP) वेंटिलेटर स्वास्थ वायु विकसित किया है।

4) Minister of HRD propelled Helpline Bharosa on the Cognitive Emotional Recovery Programs for Odisha University Students:

मानव संसाधन विकास मंत्री ने ओडिशा के विश्वविद्यालय के छात्रों के लिए संज्ञानात्मक भावनात्मक पुनर्वास सेवाओं पर हेल्पलाइन ‘भरोसा’ लॉन्च किया:

Union Minister for Human Resource Development (HRD) Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’ propelled the “Bharosa” Central University of Odisha and its Helpline Number 08046801010 through a virtual stage in New Delhi on 11 May.

केंद्रीय मानव संसाधन विकास (एचआरडी) मंत्री रमेश पोखरियाल ‘निशंक’ ने 11 मई को नई दिल्ली में एक आभासी मंच के माध्यम से ओडिशा हेल्पलाइन के केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय “भरोसा” और इसके हेल्पलाइन नंबर 08046801010 को लॉन्च किया।

5) ICMR collaborated with BBIL in order to establish the first entirely indigenous COVID-19 immunization:

ICMR ने BBIL के साथ पहली पूर्ण स्वदेशी COVID-19 वैक्सीन विकसित करने के लिए करार किया:

On May 10, 2020, the Indian Medical Research Council (ICMR) reported its collaboration with Bharat Biotech International Ltd (BBIL) to create the first completely indigenous COVID-19 antibody utilizing the infection strain secluded at the National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune.

10 मई, 2020 को इंडियन इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ मेडिकल रिसर्च (ICMR) ने नेशनल इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ वायरोलॉजी पुणे में अलग-थलग पड़े वायरस स्ट्रेन का उपयोग करके पहली पूर्ण स्वदेशी COVID-19 वैक्सीन विकसित करने के लिए भारत बायोटेक इंटरनेशनल लिमिटेड (BBIL) के साथ गठजोड़ की घोषणा की।

SPORTS AFFAIRS:

1) Sports Authority of India structures SOP planning committee for resuming preparation post COVID-19 lockdown:

भारतीय खेल प्राधिकरण ने COVID-19 लॉकडाउन के बाद प्रशिक्षण फिर से शुरू करने के लिए SOP तैयार करने के लिए समिति का गठन किया:

India’s Sports Authority has set up a six-member council to set up a module for a staged resumption of training as Union Sports Minister Kiren Rijiju proclaimed that once the COVID-19 lockdown has been lifted the athletes will begin practice.

भारतीय खेल प्राधिकरण ने प्रशिक्षण की चरणबद्ध बहाली के लिए एक मॉड्यूल तैयार करने के लिए छह सदस्यीय समिति का गठन किया है। केंद्रीय खेल मंत्री किरेन रिजिजू ने घोषणा की कि COVID-19 लॉकडाउन हटने के बाद एथलीट अभ्यास शुरू कर सकते हैं।

WORLD AFFAIRS:

1) On 12 May, the International Nurses Day is celebrated:

अंतर्राष्ट्रीय नर्स दिवस 12 मई को मनाया जाता है

Every year, on 12 May, the International Nurses Day is celebrated around the world, denoting the commitments nurses make to society since medical caretakers and other clinical experts have put their lives to spare lives and to vanquish different dangers.

अंतर्राष्ट्रीय नर्स दिवस प्रत्येक वर्ष 12 मई को दुनिया भर में मनाया जाता है जो नर्सों द्वारा समाज में किए गए योगदानों को चिह्नित करता है क्योंकि नर्सों और अन्य चिकित्सा पेशेवरों ने जीवन बचाने और विभिन्न खतरे को हराने के लिए अपना जीवन लगा दिया है।